Problem Solving and Intelligence Flashcards
Fluid Intelligence
- Reflects how well you handle a new task rather than what facts you have
Prefrontal cortex
- Executive function; regulates attention, modulates impulses, coordinates information from other brain regions
Deductive Reasoning
ideas/general information –> specific conclusions
Inductive Reasoning
specific facts –> broad generalizations
Insight Problem
Designed to test your ability to think outside the box
Functional Fixedness
Our difficulty seeing alternative uses for common objects
Reliability
- A reliable test produces the same result if one person takes it multiple times
Validity
- A valid test measures the trait it’s supposed to be measuring
Galton’s Study
- Increased reaction time = higher intelligence
- reaction to sensorimotor tasks
Binet’s Intelligence Scale
- Had 30 simple tasks that could adapt to each age group
- Later called the Standford-Binet Intelligence test
Spearman & Generalized Intelligence
Called it “g”; intelligence is reflected in overall performance
Gardner’s Types of Intelligence
- 8 different types of intelligence, independent from one another
- Lack of evidence; ignores Spearman’s findings on “g”
The Flynn Effect
- observes rising IQ scores
- argues that increases quality of schooling has played a large role in this increase
Piaget
Fundamental idea was that children are active learners
Schema
A mental framework for interpreting the world around us
