Problem 5 Flashcards
1
Q
What is reciprocal socialization?
A
- The bidirectional process by which children socialize parents just as parents socialize them
- sometimes symbolized as a dance in which successive actions of the partners are closely coordinated
2
Q
What are different forms of child maltreatment?
A
- physcial abuse
- child neglect
- sexual abuse
- emotional abuste –> always present if any other maltreatment is done to a child
3
Q
What are the consequences of child abuse?
A
- poor emotional regulation
- attchment problems
- problems in peer regulations
- difficulty adatping in schiool
- depression
- delinquency
4
Q
What is authoritarian parenting?
A
- restrictive, punitive where parents exhort the child to follow their directions
- place firm limits and controls
5
Q
What is authoritative parenting?
A
- encourages children to be independent but still place limits and control on their actions
6
Q
What is neglectful parenting?
A
- parent is very uninvolved in the child’s life
- children become socially incompetent, have low self-esteem, immature and alienated from the family
7
Q
What is indulgent parenting?
A
- parents are highly involved with their children but place demands and control on them
- children can do what they want
8
Q
What are the criticisms on parenting styles?
A
- ‘good’ parenting styles depend on culture
- parents use a combination of techniques not just a single one
- children socialize parents just like the parents socoailize the children
9
Q
What are the five domains of domain specific socialization?
A
There are diffferent relationship types in different contexts
- protect
- reciprocal
- control
- guided learning
- group parcticipation
10
Q
What is the protection domain?
A
- when the parent provides effective protection creating a sense of security and perceives being comforted
- when this domain is done effectively the child is abilty to respons appropriatyely to dange and engage in self-regulation of distress
11
Q
What is the reciprocity domain?
A
- when parent and child are interacting on an equal basis as partners
- when done corretly child becomes cooperative and desires to comply with parental requests
12
Q
What is control domain?
A
- interactions between parent and child involves conflict because parents want one thing and child another
- power adventage of parents used through different things such as reasoning, social isolation andn physcial punishment
- child outcomes include development of moral and principled behaviour
13
Q
What is the guided learning domain?
A
- parents guide their children’s learning of skilss through the use of effective strategies and feedback
- children’s outcomes include acquired knowledge and skills
14
Q
What is the group particitpation domain?
A
- sociliations involves increasing children’s partcitipaton in cultural practises
- child outcomes include confromity to culture group practices and values that provide a social identity
15
Q
What is mutual synchrony?
A
Each person’s behaviour depens on the partner’s previous behavoiour
16
Q
What is scaffolding?
A
adjusting the level of guidance to fit the child’s performance
17
Q
What are the advantages of having children early (in 20s)
A
- more physical energy (coping better with such matters as getting in middle of night)
- mother is likely to have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth
- parents may be less likely to build up expectation for their children (as they have not waited very long to have children)
18
Q
What are the advantages of having children later (30s)?
A
- more time to consider goals in life (what they want for family and career roles)
- more mature and will be able to benefit from experience to engage in more competent parenting
- better established in careers and more income for all the expenses
19
Q
What is parental sensitivity?
A
- the ability to manage emotions in positive ways
- emotion-coaching vs emotion-dismissing parents
20
Q
What are the categories of play?
A
- functional (0-2y)
- symbolic (2-6y)
- make-believe/sociadramatic (2-6y)
- constructive (3-6y)
- games with rules (6y up)
- rough-and-tumble play
21
Q
What is funtional play?
A
- simple, physcial activities with or without toy objects
22
Q
What is symbolic play?
A
- representing absent object/events with availble ones or own body
- aka fantasy play
23
Q
What is make-believe/sociodramatic play?
A
- acting out roles or pretend games invovling real social roles or made-up imaginary ones
24
Q
What is games with rules play?
A
- structured games with pubicly accepted rules
25
What is rough-and-tumble play
* aka 'play fighting'
* involves physcial activity, often without objects, such as wrestling, tumbling, kicking and chasing
* established dominance hierarchy
26
What is dominance hierarchy?
a relatively stable ordering of different-status members by their ability to win in conflict that signifies different access to resources, established by challenges through rough-and-tumble play
27
What is social status?
The extent of acceptance or likeability of individual children by the peer group, based on this group's general view of the individual
28
What are the types of children in a group?
* accepted children
* rejected aggresive children
* rejected withdrawn children
* neglected children
29
How are accepted children?
= children that are popular, accepted or well liked by the majority of other children
**Characteristics**
* physcial apppearance can make child popular
* academically or socially competent
* able to communicate in friendly/warm/sensitve way
* positive, cooperative, supportive
* good at negotiaion and compromise in conflicts
* good at adaptin behavoiur to fit in
**Outcomes**
* high sociability
* good cognitive skills
* low aggressiveness
* little social withdrwawl
* academic succes
* better adjusted as adults
30
How are rejected aggresive children?
= children who are unpopular, avoided as playmate, least liked, or disliked
**Characteristics**
* aggresive, disruptive or uncooperative
* poor control of emotions
* lack etiquette for joining in play
* poor perspective-taking skills
* antagonistic + hostile
* unaware they are diskliked
**Outcomes**
* poor school performance
* at risk of school dropout, violence + delinquency
* longer-term behavioural/emotional maladjumstens
31
How are rejected withdrawn children?
= children who are unpopular, avoided as playmate, least liked, or disliked
**Characteristics**
* passive, timid or socially awkward
* hold negative expectations of others
* do not approach/hestiate to join peers
* aware they are disliked
**Outcomes**
* low self-esteem
* poor school achievement + school avoidance
* social anxiety/depression
32
How are neglected children?
= children who are neither accepted nor rejected, or not stronly liked or disliked
**Characteriscs**
* socially inept, unassertive, play by themselves
* do not necessarily report feeling unhappy and lonely --> not bothered by being neglected
* as welll adjustes as their peers
**Outcomes**
* not always disadvantages
* can make some friends
* more prone to loneliness
* may trigger depression
33
What options are there if children do not fall into one of 4 categories?
* some are average
* some are controversial --> very disliked and liked at the same time
34
What is friendship?
* mutual reciprocal relationship between two or more people
* both parties want to spend more time with the others than other peer
35
What are the 3 bases for selection of friends?
* *physcial proximity*: more likely to choose friend from people children meet at home, street, class
* *sharing characterisitcs*: age, sex, etc
* *similar interests and attitudes*: at this level they build up trust, sensitvity, closenss, etc.
36
What are the 4 stages of friendship?
1. momentary phsysical playmate (3y-5y)
2. one-way assistance (6y-8y)
3. fairweather cooperation (9y-12y)
4. mutual concern (11y-15y)
37
What is the momentary physcial playmate stage?
* define friend in terms of shared activites and geographical assocations
* friends are children they play with, live nearby or go to school with
* no reference to personal characteristics/pyschlogical attribtues
38
What is one-way assistance stage?
* friend is someone whoe helps you or does things that please you
* need to become awar of each other's likes/dislikes
* no reciprocal nature yet
39
What is fairweahter cooperation stage?
* key feature is reciprocal understanding
* evaluatie friends action/know friend can judge them and adapt them
* disagreement/conflict still end friendship
40
What is mutual concern stage?
* can take perspective of other people
* frienship as a bond built over time and made strong/stable by mutal support, concern and understading
* compatible interest, values and personalities
* fiercly protected
* can withstand minor conflicts
41
What are the three social media group users?
* high overall social media use
* high insta/snapchat use
* low use overall
42
What are the symptoms of high overall social media users?
* higher expressive symptions, depressive, family conflict, lower family friend support
* lower self esteem
* higher anxiety loneliness
43
What are the symptoms for high instagram/snapchat use?
* higher school avoidance, high closer firendship/social competence/support (higher than low use)
* helps creat social relationships
