Privileges And Limitations Flashcards
Eligibility requirements
- 18 years old
- English
- At least PPL
- At least 3rd class medical
- Ground/flight endorsements
- Knowledge and practical tests
- Meet aeronautical experience
Aeronautical experience required
250 hours total, including:
1. 100 hours in powered aircraft 50 of which in airplane
2. 100 PIC of which 50 in airplanes, 50 XC, 10 of which in airplanes
3. 20 hours per 61.127(b)(1) that includes 10 instrument (5/10 In ASEL)
4. 10 hours complex / turbine / TAA or any combination of the 3
5. 10 hours solo ASEL or 10 hours as PIC with CFI on board that include: 300NM XC and 5 hours night VFR 10 TO/L at a towered field
Privileges for CPL
A. Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire
B. For comp or hire
Note: 61.133 also states a CPL must be qualified and comply with the applicable parts of regs that apply to the particular operation (part 121, 135, etc)
Explain difference between: CPL privileges and operational authority required to conduct a flight for comp or hire
Privileges/limitations are separate and distinct from the operational authority required to conduct the flights.
An ATP or CPL may fly for comp/hire (also with pax/property) however most commercial operations also require a part 119 certificate to operate as an air carrier
What does ‘commercial operator’ refer to?
A person who for comp/hire engraved in carriage by aircraft in air commerce of persons or property, OTHER THAN, as an air carrier or foreign air carrier or under the authority of part 375.
If you were both pilot and provider of an aircraft for compensation or hire require you to also have a part 119 cert?
Generally, yes. If you are being compensated for providing a service to another person and have operational control of the aircraft you are required to have been issued an operating certification (119) to fly under part 135/121/125 if larger aircraft and more complex operations are involved
Define operational control
As defined in part 1.1, “with respect to a flight, means the exercise of authority over initiating, conducting, or terminating a flight.”
Operational control involves: flight crew, aircraft, and flight management
What is common carriage?
Refers to the carriage of pax/cargo as a result of advertising (holding out) the availability of the carriage to the public.
A carrier becomes a common carrier when it advertises as willing to furnish transportation within the limits of its facilities to any person who wants it.
- Holding out/willingness
- To transport persons or property
- From place to place
- for compensation or hire
AC 61-142, AC 120-12
What actions constitute holding out?
Any means that communicates to the public that a transportation device is indiscriminately available. No specific rules or criteria as to how that is achieved. Instead it is determined by assessing the available facts of a specific situation.
Agents, agencies, sales people
Print publications
Internet and websites
Social media
Apps
Email
Personal solicitation
What commercial ops do not require a part 119 cert?
Student instruction
Non stop commercial air tours (119.1)
Ferry/transport flights
Crop dusting, seeding, bird chasing
Banner tow
Ariel photo/survey
Firefighting
Power line or pipeline patrol
Sky diving
Emergency mail service
Candidates in elections (91.321)
What 3 types of operations require a Part 119 Cert?
direct air carrier
U.S. commercial operator
operations when common carriage is not involved as an operator of U.S. registered civil airplanes with a seat cofig of 20+ or a max payload capacity of 6,000+ pounds
What are the two basic types of certs issued to applicants under part 119?
Air carrier cert - issued to those who plan to conduct interstate, foreign, or overseas transport or to carry mail
Operating cert - issued to those who plan to conduct intrastate common carriage ops, and certain applicants who do not conduct common carriage (part 125 private carriage ops).
CFR 119.5 and order 8900.1 volume 2 ch 2 section 2-128 for more info
Four types of operations that do not involve common carriage?
a. non-common carriage
b. operations in which persons or cargo are transported without comp or hire
c. operations not involving the transport of persons or cargo.
d. private carriage
Define the terms ‘non-common carriage’ and ‘private carriage’
Non-common carriage - carriage of persons or property for comp/hire but there is no holding out. Operating cert required. Conducted under 125 or 135 depending on aircraft type, seating config, or payload capacity.
Private - carriage of persons/property for comp/hire with limitations on the number of contracts. The carriage of persons or property for comp/hire under a contractual business arrangement between the operator and another person or organization, which did not result from the operator’s holding out or offering service is private. Operating cert required. Conducted under 125 or 135 depending on aircraft type, seating config, or payload capacity.
Examples of non-common carriage ops that involve the transport of persons/property and may involve compensation but are part 91?
a. flights conducted by the operator of an airplane for the operator’s own personal transport, or transport of guests.
b. Carriage of company officials, employees, and guests on an airplane operated under a time sharing, interchange, or joint ownership
c. Carriage of property (except mail) incidental to business (limited to compensation for expenses)
d. Carriage of a group (with common purpose) where there is no charge, assessment, or fee
e. fractional ownership
Part 91 subpart F applies to large and turbine powered multi engine airplanes and fractional ownership program aircraft.
91.501 sets conditions on the amount and types of compensation for these operations.
A lease involving an aircraft is sometimes referred to as a wet lease or dry lease. Difference?
wet - any leasing arrangement whereby a person agrees to provide an entire aircraft and at least 1 crew. It is a commercial arrangement whereby an owner leases both the plane and crew member to someone for exclusive use for a specific period of time or # of flights. The lessor maintains operation control Ex: charter under 135
dry - plane, but no crew and the lessee exercises operational control of the plane. No operating certificate is required as long as not for comp/hire.
Describe a common form of a dry lease
Basically just renting a plane for yourself similar to renting a car.
Why is it important to understand the difference between wet and dry leases?
Regulations that govern the operation will differ depending on who has operational control.
Generally, a wet lease requires an air carrier cert (121, 135) while a dry does not (91)
Describe regulations:
part 91 subpart F
119
121
125
135
91 - F - generally corporate operations not involving common carriage
119 - consolidates the certification and operations specifications (ops specs) requirements for people who operate in common carriage under parts 121 and 135. 119 also lists operations that do not require an air carrier or commercial operating cert
121 - establishes regs for air carriers flying for comp or hire. Air carrier cert required
125 - establishes a uniform set of cert and operation rules for large airplanes having 20 or more seating capacity or max payload of 6,000 lbs or more when common carriage is not involved. Basically an updated to part 91 rules for large aircraft
135 - governs commuter or on demand operations, requires air carrier or operating cert and associated ops specs
What limitation is imposed on a newly certified commercial pilot if no instrument rating?
No pax for hire on cross country flights in excess of 50 NM
no carriage of pax for hire at night
what do you need in your physical possession to fly a civil aircraft
pilot cert including any special purpose authorization or temp. certificates
photo ID (driver’s license, gov, state, or passport)
medical cert
to PIC of high performance, what is necessary?
200+ HP = high performance
a. receive and log ground & flight training from an authorized instructor in an HP airplane or simulator
b. been found proficient in the operations of the plane
c. received a one-time endorsement in the logbook
Define a complex airplane
retractable landing gear, flaps, and controllable pitch prop.
Including planes with a FADEC
To PIC in a pressurized plane…
pressurized plane: service ceiling or max operating altitude (which ever is lower) of 25,000 MSL
ground/flight training from authorized instructor in said plane
must: ground training including high-altitude aerodynamics, meteorology, respiration, hypoxia, etc
and endorsement
