Privation

Question 1

What is privation?

Answer 1

when an attachment to a caregiver is never formed

Question 2

What are privated children sometimes referred to?

Answer 2

Feral, as they were often found to be severely neglected

Question 3

What adverse effects are known from privation?

Answer 3

Poor social, emotional and intellectual development

Question 4

Rutter (1998) looked at 111 Romanian orphans (from poor q orphanages) adopted by English families compared to 52 adopted and born in England, They found..

Answer 4

Romanians caught up in weight, height and cognitive level despite initial developmental delay although those adopted later made slower progress

Question 5

How were those adopted later in Rutter (1998) effected?

Answer 5

Affected psychologically and physically for longer, some had attachment disorder, were attention seeking and non selective in their friendship choices

Question 6

What long term effects did Rutter (1998) find?

Answer 6

Impacts on those adopted later were still present at age 11

Question 7

What is a strength of Rutter (1998)?

Answer 7

There were less extraneous variables than other adoption studies; children had to be aged 4 from England or Romania

Question 8

What is an application of Rutter (1998)?

Answer 8

The amount of caregivers each child has in some institutions today is less so that they can build higher quality attachments

Question 9

What is a weakness of Rutter (1998)?

Answer 9

It is difficult to generalise the findings to other countries as childrens’ experience of orphanages elsewhere might be totally different

Question 10

Whom did Eigsti et al (2011) concern?

Answer 10

46 internationally adopted children to see if the length of their institutionalisation impacted their language skills and cognitive development

Question 11

Where had the children in Eigsti et al (2011) gone?

Answer 11

To the USA from the age of 2 - 7 years old and had been living in the USA for 1-9 years

Question 12

What did Eigsti et al (2011) find?

Answer 12

Language skills were affected by the length of time spent in an institution compared with 24 controls who were not adopted

Question 13

What is a strength of Eigsti et al (2011)?

Answer 13

They had adopted children from a variety of countries, which makes generalisability good, even though it may have introduced confounding variables

Question 14

What is a weakness of Eigsti et al (2011)?

Answer 14

The cognitive abilities of the birth parents were not known but are likely to have had a strong influence on the abilities of children

Question 15

What did Curtis (1977) study?

Answer 15

The case of Genie, a girl discovered at 13 whom suffered extreme privation and was kept totally isolated for the majority of her life

Question 16

What did Curtis (1977) find?

Answer 16

Her language development did not develop beyond that of a toddler although she did improve socially, cogntively and intellectually

Question 17

What is a limitation of Curtis’ findings?

Answer 17

It may not be privation that meant she did not make a full recovery in terms of language and it may be that she was mentally retarded as she suffered a fever when young

Question 18

What did Koluchova (1972) find?

Answer 18

That in the case of the Czech twins, privation was reversible as by the age of 20 both twins had good relationships, jobs and had an average IQ

Question 19

What is a limitation of Koluchova?

Answer 19

The case my not be privation as the twins could form attachments with each other

Question 20

What did Freud and Dann (1951) find?

Answer 20

Children who had survived concentration camps were able to form attachments with clinicians in rehab and developed normal adult relationships

Question 21

What is a weakness of Freud and Dann (1951)?

Answer 21

Unique children were used at a unique point in time so the results may not be generalisable to other children

Question 22

What did Tizard (1989) find?

Answer 22

That children who had been in institutional care and then adopted were able to form attachments to their adoptive parents, but not anyone else

Question 23

What is a weakness of Tizard?

Answer 23

The institutions had high staff turnover so may not be true for today as close relationships were discouraged then and we now now this isn’t right

Question 24

What did Rutter (1998) look at?

Answer 24

111 Romanian oprhans from poor quality orphanages adopted by English families compared to 52 children adopted an born in England