prirodne latky Flashcards

1
Q

na co sa delia prirodne latky

A

sacharidy, tuky, bielkoviny, nukleove kyseliny

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2
Q

co je dna, opis ju

A

deoxyribonukleova kyselina, koduje geneticke informacie organizmov

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3
Q

co je rna, opis ju

A

ribonukleova kyselina, dolezita pri tvorbe bielkovin

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4
Q

co su to sacharidy, opis ich

A

zlucenina C, O, H, najrozsirenejsie prirodne latky, vznikaju fotosyntezou, pre organizmy jeden z hl. zdrojov energie

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5
Q

ako sa delia sacharidy

A

monosacharidy (jednoduche)
zlozene - oligosacharidy - sacharoza, laktoza, maltoza
- polysacharidy - skrob, glykogen, celuloza

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6
Q

kde sa nachadza glukoza

A

v hroznovej stave, mede, krvi (v infuziach)

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7
Q

kde sa nachadza fruktoza (najsladsi cukor)

A

s glukozou v mede a ovoci

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8
Q

opis oligosacharidy

A

sacharoza (repkny, trstinovy cukor)
najpouzivanejsie sladidlo - zlozene z glukozy, fruktozy
laktoza - v mlieku cicavcov, maltoza - sladovy cukor

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9
Q

opis polysacharidy

A

skrob (zemiaky, kukurice)
zahustovadlo (pri vyrobe lepidla)
glykogen - zivocisny skrob (v peceni a vo svaloch)
celuloza - hl. zlozka papiera, v bavlne, v stenach rastlinnych buniek, potrava pre prezuvavce

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10
Q

z coho sa skladaju tuky (lipidy) a ako vznikaju

A

C, O, H, reakciou glycerolu a vyssich karboxylovych kyselin - esterifikacia

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11
Q

kde vznikaju tuky a aky maju vyznam

A

vznikaju v rastlinnych aj zivocisnych organizmoch, su zdrojom energie, stavebnymi zlozkami buniek, tepelnoizolacnou vrstvou

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12
Q

ako rozdelujeme tuky

A

podla skupenstva - 1. tuhe - mast 2. kvapalne - olej

podla povodu - 1. zivocisne -rybi olej 2. rastlinne - slnecnicovy olej

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13
Q

ake su tuhe tuky

A

nasytene pretoze maju iba jednoduche vazby

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14
Q

ake su kvapalne tuky

A

nenasytene pretoze obsahuju dvojite vazby

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15
Q

co su bielkoviny

A

zlucenina C, H, O, N, niekedy S

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16
Q

co su zakladne stavebne jednotky bielkovin

A

aminokyseliny

17
Q

co tvoria bielkoviny

A

zaklad vsetkych buniek - zlozenie enzimov, hormonov, protilatok a hemoglobinu

18
Q

ako rozdelujeme bielkoviny

A

rastlinne - strukovina (hrach)

zivocisne - mlieko, vajcia

19
Q

co je denaturacia bielkovin

A

zrazanie bielkovin pri ich zohrievani