pisomka 17.3 Flashcards

derivaty uhlovodikov, halogenderivaty, kyslikate derivaty, hydroxyderivaty, karbonylove zluceniny, karboxylove kyseliny

1
Q

ako vznikaju

A

vznikaju nahradenim atomov vodika inymi atomami C-4H -> C-3H-(Cl)

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2
Q

ake prvky patria do skupiny halogenderivatov

A

cl, f, br, i

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3
Q

ake prvky patria do skupiny hydroxiderivatov (alkoholov)

A

o

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4
Q

ake prvky patria do karbonylovych zlucenin, karboxylovych skupin

A

karbon. o

karbox. -

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5
Q

ake prvky patria do aminokyselin

A

n

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6
Q

z akych 3 skupin sa skladaju halogenderivaty (ekologicke jedy)

A

chlormetan, dichlormetan, trichlormetan (najznamejsi)

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7
Q

na ake skupiny sa deli chlormetan

A
  1. C3H uhlovodikovy zvysok (metyl, etyl…)

2. Cl charakteristicka skupina

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8
Q

na ake skupiny sa delia kyslikate derivaty (obsahuju atomy kyslika)

A

alkoholy (metanol, etanol), karbonylove zluceniny (aceton), karboxylove kyseliny (kyselina mravcia, octova)

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9
Q

opis etanol

A

po uziti ide priamo do krvneho obehu, dobre sa rozpusta v tukoch,
mozgove bunky ochrnu, horsie sa sustredime, myslime
udava sa v promile - 1 - 1000g = 1g etanolu

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10
Q

opis hydroxyderivaty

A

vznik kvasenim
v charakteristickej skupine - OH
znamy je glycerol - kozmetika, fenol - plasty

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11
Q

ako sa delia karbonylove zluceniny

A

aldehydy a ketony

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12
Q

opis formaldehyd

A

vznika oxidaciou metanolu, jedovaty, konzervacna latka

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13
Q

opis acetaldehyd

A

vznika oxidaciou etanolu, palivo, vyroba kyseliny octovej

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14
Q

opis ketony

A

viazu sa na ne dva uhlovodikove zvysky

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15
Q

opis aceton

A

rozpustadlo, odlakovace, riedidlo

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16
Q

vymenuj 2 karboxylove kyseliny

A

kys. mravcia (metanova) oxidacia metanolu, mravci, vceli jed, konzervacia, spracovanie koze
kys. octova (etanova) riedenim vznika ocot, lieky (acylpyrin)

17
Q

karb. kys. ktore maju vacsi pocet atomov su viazane v tukoch - mastne kyseliny - sa nazyvaju

A

kyselina palmitova
kyselina stearova
kyselina olejova

18
Q

v organizmoch su karb. kys. viazane a obsahuju aj aminovu skupinu = aminokyseliny - opis ich

A

bezfar. krys. latka, dobre rozpustna vo vode, znama pod nazvom glycin