derivaty uhlovodikov Flashcards

1
Q

vymenuj derivaty uhlovodikov a ich charakteristicke skupiny

A

Halogenderivaty (F, Cl, Br, I), Hydroxyderivaty (-OH) - Alkoholy, Fenoly, Karbonylove zluceniny (CO) - Aldehydy, Ketony, Karboxylove kyseliny (COOH)

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2
Q

vymenuj a opis halogenderivaty

A

vznikaju nahradenim vodika halogenmi - ekologicke jedy (nerozkladaju sa prirodzenym sposobom)
chlormetan, trichlormetan, freony

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3
Q

opis chlormetan

A

sucast cigaretoveho dymu

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4
Q

opis trichlormetan

A

rozpustadlo organickych latok

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5
Q

opis freony

A

napln do chladiacich zariadeni (poskodzuje ozonovu vrstvu), ma 2 druhy halogenov, jeden je fluor

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6
Q

opis hydroxyderivaty a vymenuj ich

A

char. skupina -OH, vznikaju kvasenim prirodnych latok - kvasinky vytvaraju z cukrov alkohol, co2 a teplo, glycerol, fenol, etanol

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7
Q

opis glycerol

A

derivat propanu - oleje, kozmetika

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8
Q

opis fenol

A

derivat benzenu - tuha latka, vyroba plastov (bakelit), OH viazana na benzenove jadro

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9
Q

opis etanol

A

po pouziti ide do krvneho obehu - zhorsene myslenie

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10
Q

vymenuj karbonylove zluceniny

A

aldehydy - formaldehyd, acetaldehyd, ketony -aceton

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11
Q

opis aldehydy

A

na karb. skupinu sa vizu dva atomy H a uhlovodikovy zvysok

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12
Q

opis formaldehyd

A

oxidacia metanolu, jedovaty, konzervacna latka (zapachajuci formalin)

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13
Q

opis acetaldehyd

A

oxidacia etanolu, zapachajuca, prchava, vyroba kys. octovej

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14
Q

opis ketony

A

na karb. skupinu sa viaze uhlovodikovy zvysok

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15
Q

opis aceton

A

zdraviu skodlivy, rozpustadlo, riedidlo, farby, odlakovace

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16
Q

opis karboxylove kyseliny a vymenuj ich

A

char. skupina COOH, kys. mravcia, kys. octova, aminokyseliny

17
Q

opis kys. mravciu

A

(metanova) - mravci, vceli jed, vyuzivany na konzervaciu a spracovanie koze

18
Q

opis kys. octovu

A

(etanova) - riedenim vznika ocot, pouziva sa v acylpyrine

19
Q

opis aminokyseliny

A

(mastne kys.) - kys. palmitova, stearova, olejova (kys. aminooctova = glycin)