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Design & Technology > Printing techniques > Flashcards

Printing techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What are image areas?

A

Areas that attract ink and repel water

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2
Q

What are non-image areas?

A

Areas that repel ink and attract water

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3
Q

What is the first stage of offset printing?

A
  1. Plate preparation - aluminium plate is treated chemically to create areas that attract ink (image areas) and areas that repel ink (non-image areas)
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4
Q

What is the second stage of offset printing?

A
  1. Ink and water - the plate is dampened with water which adheres to non-image areas and repels ink. Meanwhile, ink is applied to the image areas, adhering due to their affinity for oil-based substances
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5
Q

What is the third stage of offset printing?

A
  1. Image transfer - as the plates rotate on the press, the inked image is transferred onto a rubber blanket cylinder.
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6
Q

What is the fourth stage of offset printing?

A
  1. Printing surface - the image is transferred from the rubber blanket onto the paper or other material, resulting in a high-quality printed image.
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7
Q

What are the advantages of offset printing?

A
  • high quality
  • consistency
  • versatility
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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of offset printing?

A
  • set up time, time consuming and expensive so not efficient for small runs
  • complexity in colour matching, requires expertise
  • waste in start up, more initial waste in materials and time
  • not ideal for personalised prints
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9
Q

What is the process of lithographic printing?

A
  1. The image is drawn onto the surface using materials that repel water but attract oil-based inks
  2. The surface adheres to hydrophilic areas while being repelled by the hydrophobic areas when treated with water.
  3. Oil- based ink adheres to only the image areas resulting in transfer of the image onto the surface
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10
Q

What are some advantages of lithographic printing?

A
  • versatility in substrates, can be used on many different surfaces
  • accurate colour reproduction
  • high quality prints
  • cost effective for large runs
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11
Q

What are some disadvantages of lithographic printing?

A
  • high set up time and cost
  • isn’t suitable for personalised prints
  • susceptible to plate damage
  • environmental concerns with chemicals used to clean plates
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12
Q

What are some applications of lithographic printing?

A
  • fine art
  • commercial printing
  • packaging
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13
Q

What is flexography?

A

A printing technique that utilises flexible relief plates to transfer ink onto various substrates, typically made of rubber or polymer.

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14
Q

What are some advantages of flexography?

A
  • high speed
  • quick set-up
  • cost effective for large runs
  • versatility
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15
Q

What are some disadvantages of flexography?

A
  • lower print quality compared to other techniques
  • plate prep can be time consuming
  • environmental concerns with inks and solvents used
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16
Q

What is screen printing?

A

A pencil- based printing technique that involves using a mesh screen to transfer ink onto a substrate

17
Q

What is the first stage of screen printing?

A
  1. Stencil creation - stencil is made by blocking areas where ink should not pass through on the mesh screen using the process of photo emulsion for e.g.
18
Q

What is the second stage of screen printing?

A
  1. Ink application - ink is placed at the top of the screen and the spread across the stencil using a squeegee which forces the ink through the mesh onto the substrate, transferring the image onto the surface.
19
Q

What is the third stage of screen printing?

A
  1. Printed image - the ink passes only through the open areas of the stencil onto the substrate, creating the desired image or design.
20
Q

What is the fourth stage of screen printing?

A

4 . Wash off screen - jet wash any excess paints off the screen

21
Q

What are some advantages of screen printing?

A
  • versatility
  • durability
  • customisation
22
Q

What are some disadvantages of screen printing?

A
  • complexity for multi-colour prints as each colour requires a separate screen
  • detail limitation in small, intricate designs
  • long set up and clean up process
23
Q

What is gravure?

A

A high quality, intaglio-based printing technique that employs sunken cells or recessed areas on a cylinder to transfer ink onto a substrate.

24
Q

What is the process of gravure?

A
  1. Engraving - image is etched onto the cylinder in the form of tiny, recessed cells
  2. Ink application - ink is applied to the cylinder, filling the recessed areas while the surface is wiped clean
  3. Image transfer - the substrate is pressed against the cylinder as it rotates and the image is transferred onto the surface.
25
Q

What are some advantages of gravure?

A
  • image consistency
  • high-quality reproduction
  • wide range of substrates
26
Q

What are some disadvantages of gravure?

A
  • high cost and long setup
  • limited flexibility
  • environmental concerns

Design & Technology (12 decks)

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