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Textiles A Level > Printing And Dyeing > Flashcards

Printing And Dyeing Flashcards

1
Q

What is printing?

A

Printing is the application of a dye to the surface of a fabric to create a coloured or pattern finish.

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2
Q

What is dyeing?

A

• Dyes used for printing tend to be of a thicker consistency than the watery dyes used for dyeing.
• Dyeing is where fabric is immersed into a dye bath and all the fabric changes colour.

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3
Q

Which is more expensive, fibre dyeing or products dyeing?

A

Fibre dyeing.

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4
Q

What does colourfast mean?

A

This is the ability for a fibre, fabric to retain dye.

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5
Q

In which three ways can degradation occur?

A
  1. Fading
  2. Cracking
  3. Bleeding
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6
Q

What factors affect colour fastness?

A
  • Washing
    • Dry cleaning
    • Light
    • Perspiration
    • Abrasion, rubbing
    • Bleaching (chlorine)
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7
Q

How do you prepare fabrics for printing and dyeing?

A

Natural impurities must be removed such as natural waxes, fats and salts as well as dirt and oil (starch). This is so that the colour can attach itself evenly to the fabric.

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8
Q

What is desizing?

A

A process used to prepare fabrics for printing and dyeing. Size is a starch or gelatine substance that is applied to warp yarns before they are woven, it helps strengthen them so they can withstand the loom movements. It is removed through water as most are soluble.

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9
Q

What kind of yarns is desizing used on?

A

Warp yarns

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10
Q

What is scouring?

A

Removes fatty and waxy impurities that prevent fabric from being wetted as they reduce fabric absorbency. It is done through boiling water and caustic soda.

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11
Q

How is scouring different for wool?

A

A warm detergent is used due to the lanolin oil that sheep have on their wool.

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12
Q

What is bleaching?

A

A way to prepare fabrics for printing and dyeing. A way to whiten the fabric before dyeing.

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13
Q

How is cotton bleached?

A

With chlorine bleach or hydrogen peroxide.

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14
Q

How is wool bleached?

A

Hydrogen peroxide or sulphur dioxide gas.

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15
Q

How is synthetic bleached?

A

It is naturally white so no treatment is required.

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16
Q

What is mercerising?

A

Used on cotton as a way to prepare fabrics for printing and dyeing. The fabric is placed in a heated solution and then washed. It preshrinks the fabric and increased the absorbency so the dye will take well.

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17
Q

What is stenter?

A

A way to prepare fabrics for printing and dyeing. It is a machine that pulls the warp and weft at 90 degrees after scouring and bleaching. It straightens the fabric.

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18
Q

Is synthetic or natural dye better?

A

Natural dyes are not very efficient in terms of their dyeing power & are not as colourfast as synthetic dyes.
Synthetic dyes are chemical based & can be more precisely controlled for efficiency and colourfastness.

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19
Q

What are smart dyes?

A

Smart dyes react to heat (thermochromic) or UV light (photochromic) by changing colour.

20
Q

What are smart dyes used in?

A

Phosphorescent dyes store up light energy and transform it into visible light.
Used for fun fashion products, fabrics, sewing threads and beads. Modern materials and smart materials.

21
Q

What is vat dyeing?

A

A large scale dye bath used to dye hundreds of metres of fabric for a solid all over colour.

22
Q

What are the steps for vat dyeing?

A
  1. Water & dye are placed into a bath at an approximate temperature of 50-60C.
  2. Salt or caustic soda hydro sulphate are added to hold the dye (fixative).
  3. The fabric is usually wet before entering the dye bath.
  4. It is then turned several times, before being completely immersed into the dye for at least an hour.
  5. Dyed fabric is them rinsed in cold water and hung. This is called oxidation or airing.
  6. The soaping process is where the dyed material is rubbed and washed to release any excess dye.
23
Q

What are the downsides of vat dyeing?

A

Can be polluting as if dyes are wasted or spilled, chemicals infiltrate the natural world.

24
Q

What are the advantages of vat dyeing?

A

All over solid colour. Dye can be reused and not be as pollutive, gives people jobs as well industrially or by hand.

25
Q

What is dip dyeing?

A

Dye is absorbed into the fabric unevenly through not being fully submerged instead dipped into it.

26
Q

What is resist dyeing?

A

Something is applied to the fabric to resist the dye, e.g wax and string.

27
Q

What is tie dye?

A

A form of resist dyeing, fabric tied with a string or elastic bands and then dipped into dye, the way the fabric is tied and folded changes the patterns made.

28
Q

What is Batik?

A

A form of resist dyeing that uses wax to resist the dye.

29
Q

How is batik performed?

A

Using a jaunting tool which applies hot wax to the fabric. Then dipped into dye and left to dry. Wax is then ironed off with absorbent paper.

30
Q

What is a typical characteristic of batik?

A

Wax cracking creates a fine line cracked effect on fabric.

31
Q

How is batik used in industry?

A

Through rollers that print wax onto fabric. Wax can be reused and made more sustainable.

32
Q

What is discharge dyeing?

A

A form of resist dyeing. The process of removing dye by destroying or altering it.
The pattern appears white or lighter tint of original colour.

33
Q

How is discharge dyeing done?

A

The dye is added before the pattern and then removed so details are done in white instead of with new dye.

  1. Dye the fabric first.
  2. Print the pattern with the discharge paste.
  3. Rinse with water to remove the colour where the paste was printed on.
34
Q

What is Spin or dope dyeing?

A

Dye is applied to a spinning solution of man made fibres before spinning.
Good colour fastness.

35
Q

What is stock dyeing?

A

Dyeing of fibres before being spun.
Commonly used for dyeing wool.

36
Q

What is yarn dyeing?

A

Dye is applied before the yarn has been woven or knitted.
Often contains stripes, checks or plaids.

37
Q

What is fabric dyeing?

A

Knitted or woven fabrics are dyed in long lengths.

38
Q

What is garment dyeing?

A

Basic- ready made garments are dyed as required.
Allows manufacturers to follow latest trends.

39
Q

How is dyeing used to respond to trends?

A

Colour forecasters are used to predict upcoming trends, fabric dyeing more commonly used as works in conjunction with JIT production.

40
Q

What is sublimation printing?

A

A design is printed onto special paper and heat transfers it onto a fabric.
Painted on by hand or with a special ink. Works best on polyester.

41
Q

What is transfer printing?

A

Uses a similar process to sublimation printing but heat melts dots of wax- based ink that have been printed onto the paper and these stick to the fabric.
Works on all types of fibres.

42
Q

What is hand printing using blocks?

A

Tradition method in india by which fabrics were printed, works similar to how stamps work.

43
Q

How does machine roller printing work?

A

Industrial roller printing uses the principal of block printing by using an engraved roller which rolls across fabric, transferring the image.

44
Q

What is screen printing?

A

Similar to stencilling, uses a screen with a fine gauze fabric stretched across it. A different screen is needed for each colour. A uv gun is used so that the dye will only penetrate the areas of the screen that haven’t been coated.
Done with a photosensitive emulsion.

45
Q

What is flat bed screen printing?

A

Screens are lowered onto the fabric and dye is applied. Moves in conjunction with other screens.

46
Q

What is carousel screen printing?

A

T-shirts are stretched over arms on a circular machine, the screens move in the same process as flat bed screen printing.

47
Q

What is digital printing?

A

The print directly onto fabric, can be expensive but make fabric printing stage faster. Can be used for rapid prototyping, fabric can be printed with pattern shapes.

Textiles A Level (17 decks)

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