PRINCIPLES - SIte Design

Question 1

Cardo and Decumanus

Answer 1

the two major streets in a Roman town, perpendicular

Question 2

Loop road

Answer 2

A collector/distributor road into a shopping center

Question 3

Proportion

Answer 3

relationship between parts that provide harmonious order

Question 4

Golden Section

Answer 4

renaissance concept where a whole is divided so that the smaller part
has the same relationship to the larger part, as the larger part has to the whole.

Question 5

Rhythm

Answer 5

Regular occurrence of elements in time or space

Question 6

Balance

Answer 6

equilibrium

Question 7

Symmetry

Answer 7

Balance arrangement, typically in reference to formal design

Question 8

Static form

Answer 8

parts are equal in size and located around a reference axis

Question 9

Dynamic form

Answer 9

parts are unequal in size and arrange around a reference axis

Question 10

Local road

Answer 10

low capacity roads with direct access to site

Question 11

Collector road

Answer 11

connection road between local and arterial streets

Question 12

Arterial road

Answer 12

wide high capacity streets usually connecting to expressways

Question 13

Expressways

Answer 13

limited access roads with high speeds, high volume circulation

Question 14

Site Slope Percentage

Answer 14

Vertical/Horizontal x 100
Rise/Run x 100
flat area - good for all activities =

Question 15

Construction Slope Percentage
storm drains  = 
sanitary sewers!  = 
street surface drainage =  
planted or large pavers = 
lawns = 
planted banks = 
parking area/lot =  
automobile ramps =  
sidewalks =  
streets/paved driveways =

Answer 15

storm drains  = 0.3% minimum
sanitary sewers!  = 0.4 - 1.4%
street surface drainage =  0.5% minimum
planted or large pavers = 1% minimum
lawns = 25% max
planted banks = 50% max
parking area/lot =  5% max
automobile ramps =  8% max
sidewalks =  10% max
streets/paved driveways = 10% max

Question 16

Angle of Repose
Loose wet clay or silt =  
Compact dry clay  =  
Wet sand  =  
Dry sand =

Answer 16

the greatest angle at which soil will lay without sliding.
Loose wet clay or silt =  30%
Compact dry clay  =  100%
Wet sand  =  80%
Dry sand = 65%

Question 17

Gross Area

Answer 17

Net area(commonly used area) + Circulation (structure/MEP/service)

Question 18

FAR

Answer 18

Floor area ratio

Gross area/Site area

Question 19

750 cars per hour

Answer 19

traffic light is required

Question 20

3000 cars per hour

Answer 20

grade separation is required
• Cloverleaf: two level interchange
• Direct left turn: where two expressways intersect
• Diamond: expressways intersect secondary roads

Question 21

Max length of block

Answer 21

1,600’(that’s 8 Portland blocks)

Question 22

Cul-de-sacs

Answer 22

Dead end - 400’ max with 80’ turn around

Question 23

2 lane highway w/ 9’ shoulder

Answer 23

40’ - 42’

Question 24

Typical surface streets

Answer 24

Made of concrete, asphalt, grave, or decomposed granite
Width = 11’-0” - 12’-0” wide
Heavy Traffic Streets = 6” concrete curb and gutter
Minor Streets = 4” roll curb or gravel
Minimum curb radii @ minor streets = 12”
Minimum curb radii @ major streets = 50”
Landscape strips = 7’ w/trees or 4’ wide w/grass/dirt

Question 25

Vehicle Turing Radii
Small cars = 
Standard cars =  
Large cars =  
Ambulance = 
Busses/trucks =

Answer 25

Small cars = 16-19 ft
Standard cars =  19-23 ft
Large cars =  23-25 ft
Ambulance = 25-30 ft
Busses/trucks = 43-50 ft

Question 26

Standard parking space

Answer 26

9’ wide by 18’-20’ long

Clearance between cars = 20”
Circulation Aisle = 12’-0” wide
In lots with attendants = 8’ x 18’ stalls and 20’ aisles

allow 400 sf/car for parking and circulation
3,000-4,000 sf of parking for every 1,000 sf of shopping center

Question 27

Accessible parking space

Answer 27

cars - 8’ wide with access alley 5’ wide
vans - 8’ wide with access alley 8’ wide

When parking is provided, the number of accessible parking spaces is determined by the total number of spaces.

However, hospital outpatient facilities must have 10% and outpatient physical therapy
facilities must have 20%

Question 28

30 degree parking

Answer 28

15’-7” projection = 43’-2” bay width
parking is least efficient = 5 cars/100 lineal feet of curb
Uneconomical.

Question 29

35 degree parking

Answer 29

16’-7” projection = 45’-2” bay width

Question 30

40 degree parking

Answer 30

17’-6” projection = 47’-0” bay width

Question 31

45 degree parking

Answer 31

18’-2” projection = 48’-4” bay width
parking is pretty efficient = 8 cars/100 lineal feet of curb
Relatively economical and allows easy access to and from parking spaces

Question 32

60 degree parking

Answer 32

parking is pretty efficient = 9 cars/100 lineal feet of curb

Relatively economical and allows easy access to and from parking spaces

Question 33

90 degree parking

Answer 33

parking is most efficient = 11 cars/100 lineal feet of curb
makes for easy two-way traffic and can accommodate most cars. The only
disadvantage is that it can be difficult to maneuver

Question 34

parking slope

Answer 34

5% max