Principles Overview Flashcards
Which part of the immune system, adaptive or innate, targets specific cells?
Adaptive
What are defensins secreted by?
epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces
What is lysozome?
Anti-bacterial enzyme
Digests bacterial cell walls
What does the complement protein system play a critical role in?
inflammation and defense against some bacterial types
Complement also activated in autoimmunity
tissue damage
What is the difference between variolation and vaccination?
Variolation administers the same organism as the one that casues the disease, vaccination does not
What is Severe combined immune deficiency?
rare disorder, results in failure or lymphocyte development, stem cell/bone marrow transplant essential
What can immune suppression be used for?
autoimmune disease, allergic disease, transplantation
Which can evolve faster, the pathogen or the host?
pathogen (millions times faster)
Where are monocytes/macrophages from?
spleen
Where are neutrophils from?
lymph nodes
Where are mast cells?
bone marrow
What is the skin pH?
low - 5.5
Is there high or low oxygen tension in the skin?
low
What glands in the skin secrete hydrophobic oils, lysozyme, ammonia and antimicrobial peptides?
sebaceous
What are defensins an example of?
antimicrobial peptides
What immunoglobulin is secreted in mucous?
IgA
What does lactoferrin in the mucous do?
starves the invading bacteria of iron
What does commensal bacteria produce?
fatty acids and bactericidins that inhibit growth of many pathogens
Which vitamins are synthesised by commensal bacteria?
K and B12
Does commensal bacteria increase or decrease pH of large bowel?
decrease
Which immune system, innate or adaptive, responds only to a limited number of microbial molecules?
innate
Which immune system, innate or adaptive, has memory?
adaptive
After how many hours does the adaptive immune system tend to start working?
96
Name the 5 major types of leukocytes.
neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells
Name the 2 main soluble factors (proteins).
antibodies, cytokines, acute phase proteins, complement proteins
What are secondary lymphoid tissues the sites of?
adaptive immune system activation
Which leukocytes are involved in the adaptive response?
B and T lymphocytes
Which proteins are involved in the adaptive response?
antibodies and cytokines
What act as antigen presenting cells which are essential for T lymphocyte activation?
dendritic cells and macrophages
What do T lymphocytes produce to help phagocytes kill ingested bacteria?
cytokines
What do B lymphocytes produce?
antibodies
