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PRINCIPLES OF VARIATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Father of EXPERIMENTAL genetics?

A

Morgon

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2
Q

Father of genetics?

A

Mendel

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3
Q

Father of modern Genetics?

A

W.Bateson

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4
Q

Father of genetics -

A

Mendel

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5
Q

Punnett square-

A

RC Punnett

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6
Q
  • Chromosomal theory of Inheritance-
A

Sutton & Boveri

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7
Q

Re-discovery of Mendel’s work -

A

De vries, Tschmark, Correns

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8
Q

term ‘LINKAGE -

A

TH Morgan

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9
Q

who named ‘X-Body’ ?

A

Henking

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10
Q

Mendel’s working years?

A

1856-1863

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11
Q

2 laws of Mendel to understand monohybrid cross?

A
  1. Law of dominance
  2. Law of segregation
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12
Q

Mendel ka esa law jaha there are no exceptions…?

A

Law of Segregation

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13
Q

Exceptions of Law of Dominance?

A

Incomplete and Co-dominance

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14
Q

Example of incomplete dominance?

A

Mirabilis jalapa ( 4 o clock)
Antirrhinum majus (Snapdragon)

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15
Q

Examples of Co dominance?

A

AB blood group
Sickel cell anaemia
Coat colour in cattle

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16
Q

Multiple allele eg?

A

ABO blood group

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17
Q

Polygenic INHERITANCE eg?

A

Human skin colour, weight, height, eye colour

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18
Q

Pleiotropic gene eg?

A

Phenylketonuria, sickle cell anaemia

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19
Q

Sex determination in humans?

A

Homozygous
XX FEMALE
XY- MALE

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20
Q

Sex determination in grasshopper?

A

Heterozygous
XX- FEMALE
XO- MALE

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21
Q

Sex determination in Birds?

A

ZZ- MALE
ZW- FEMALE

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22
Q

Linkage discovered by? In?

A

Morgan, drosophila

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23
Q

Independent assortment- how many types of gametes?
Linkage how many types of gametes?

24
Q

Linkage inversely proportional to?

A

Distance between genes and crossing over

25
Q

Examples of X linkage? X linkage is also known as?

A

Haemophilia, colour blindness, eye colour in drosophila.
Sex linkage

26
Q

How many types of mutation? (2)

A

CHROMOSOMAL , GENE
1. EUPLOIDY 1. POINT
2. ANEUPLOIDY 2. FRAMESHIFT

27
Q

Sex linked recessive diseases?

A

HINDUSTAN CONVENT SCHOOL

COLOUR BLINDNESS, HAEMOPHILIA

28
Q

Autosomal recessive diseases?

A

Sickle cell anemia, PKU, thallasemia

29
Q

Sickel cell anemia…?

A

Substitution of Glutamic acid to Valine at 6th Hb

30
Q

Thalassemia?

A

Hb me chain kam tha

31
Q

Pku?

A

Generally Phenylalanine converts to tyrosine in the presence of an enzyme
But here, phenylalanine gets converted to phenyl pyruvic acid

32
Q

Down syndrome?

A

3 copies of 21st Trisomy chromosome

33
Q

Klinefelter?

A

Males normally- XY …here XXY

34
Q

Turner syndrome?

A

Female generally XX, here, XO

35
Q

who coined the term genetics?

36
Q

Artificial selection was done with?

A

Indian breeds example- Sahiwal cows in Punjab

37
Q

Dna total length?

38
Q

how many types of linkages are there…and what are they?

A

complete , incomplete

39
Q

Law of inheritance proposed by?

A

Gregor mendel

40
Q

What did MENDEL construct? N how?

A

Cross pollination using true breeding pea line
Artificially

41
Q

Mendel selected how many contrasting traits?

A

14 true breeding contrasting traits

42
Q

What is true breeding line?

A

Performing self pollination continuously for homozygous traits, due to which shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations

43
Q

What was performed in INHERITANCE OF 1 GENE?

A

Single char considered
Performed monohybrid cross for all characters

44
Q

Punett was?

A

british geneticist

45
Q

exception of law of independent assortment?

46
Q

VIMP
BLOOD EXAMPLE
ABO BLOOD GROUP? AB BLOOD GROUP?

ABO BLOOD GROUP IS REGULATED BY? HOW MANY ALLELES?

A

Multiple allelism, Co-dominance
I gene has 3 alleles

47
Q

I gene decides?

A

Antigen (polymer of sugar)

48
Q

In pleiotropy what is involved ?

A

product of gene in diff metabolic pathway

49
Q

Single gene mutation causes?

A
  1. Phenylketonuria
  2. Mental retardation
  3. Depigmentation
50
Q

Which types of crosses are based on the inheritance of a single gene?

A

Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple Allelism
Pleiotropy

51
Q

intermediate skin colour is also k/as as?

52
Q

what is under incomplete linkage?

A

loosely linked, tightly linked

53
Q

Morgan’s experiment was based on how many characters?

A

The linkage was based on 2 char- body colour and wing type

sex linked inheritance was based on 1 char- eye colour

54
Q

MORGAN EXPERIMENT…BODY COLOUR? EYE COLOUR? WING SIZE?

A

BROWN YELLOW
WILD MUTANT

RED WHITE
WILD MUTANT

NORMAL MINIATURE
WILD MUTANT

55
Q

representation of position of linked genes on a chromosome is first given by?

A

Morgan’s student Alfred Sturtevent

56
Q

how many types of mutation (2)?

BIOLOGY (10 decks)

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