PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING Flashcards
It is the process of acquiring knowledge, habits, attitudes, interest, skills and abilities through training, self-activity.
Education
TYPES OF EDUCATION
Formal Education, Non-Formal Education and Informal Education
refers to the hierarchically structured and chronologically graded learning, organized and provided by formal schools and where certification is required in order for the learner to progress.
Formal Education
refers to any school-based educational activities undertaken by the DECS and other agencies aimed at attaining specific learning objectives for a particular learner.
Non-formal Education
TWO THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF EDUCATION
Theory of Divine Education
Theory of Evolution
advocates that God equipped man with intellect and free will
Theory of Divine Creation
believes that Education started when the primitive man began his quest to find ways and means to feed, clothe, shelter and protect himself and compete for other animals for survival.
Theory of Evolution
They contributed religious education.
Ancient Jewish Civilization
They contributed career-oriented education.
Ancient Chinese Civilization
They contributed practical and empirical education
Ancient Egyptian Civilization
They contributed liberal and democratic education.
Ancient Greek Civilization
They were the wandering scholars who went to Athens to teach Athenian boys by collecting fees from them.
Sophists
He was the most famous sophist who stated that man is the measure of all things.
Protagoras
They flourished in order to counteract the influences of the Sophists who were not Athenians, among them were Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
The Greek Thinkers
He was a Greek Thinker who believed that knowledge is virtue and all virtuous actions are based on knowledge.
Socrates
He believed that the social class the person belongs to determine their education.
Plato
He believed that virtue is brought by doing not by knowing and advanced the idea that man is a social animal and must use his reason to attain his ultimate end
Aristotle
This civilization contributed pragmatic and progressive education.
Ancient Roman Civilization
It is where education was a religious discipline, strict, regid, and punishment was severe.
Monasticism
He supported the Monastic schools and even established court schools to educate his constituents.
Charlemagne
It is where education was an intellectual discipline and its purpose was to bring reason to faith and support theology by using logic.
Scholasticism
It is where education was used as a social discipline, where a boy of noble birth had to pass through several stages to be fully accepted as a member of his social class.
Chivalry
They provided education for the middle class that acquired their fortune from the profits in commercial and industrial endeavors brought by the “crusades”.
Guild System
It is considered as the revival of ancient learning brought by the discovery of the “New World” by Christopher Columbus.
Renaissance
It is a philosophy that believes that education aims to liberate man from the oppressive and demanding medieval institutions like the church and the state to enable him to fully develop his potentials.
Humanism
It stressed that individual freedom is a prerequisite to the achievement of a rich and fulfilled life.
Italian or Individual Humanism
It advocated that education is an avenue for social regeneration.
Northern or Social Humanism
It highlighted the protests of the people who were dissatisfied with the policies of the Catholic Church.
Reformation
An educational philosophy that advocates that education should be concerned with the actualities of life and prepare for its concrete duties.
Realism
He believed that boys should study formal grammar and formal education must be emphasized.
John Milton.
He suggested that education should be made attractive and pleasant rather than compulsive.
Francois Rubelais
He emphasized the use of field trips or educational tours in the teaching-learning process and introduced the concept of finishing schools.
Michael de Montaigne
He wrote The World of Sensible Things Pictured, which is considered as the first textbook on using of visual aids in classroom teaching.
John Amos Comenius
He suggested the use of inductive method of teaching and believed that all scientific progress must be based on nature.
Francis Bacon
He argued that education should be in accordance with the nature of the child and its aim is to secure the expression and development of childish tendencies and not to suppress them.
Richard Mulcaster
He advocated that everything should constantly be repeated to ensure mastery.
Wolfgang Ratke
It is a philosophy which believes that education is based on discipline.
Disciplinism
It is an educational philosophy which adheres to the belief that education should be in accordance with the nature of the child.
Naturalism
He believed that man at birth is naturally good and societal influences make man evil, and that the stronger the body, the more it obeys and the weaker the body the more it commands.
Jean Jacques Rosseau
It called for the application of basic psychological principles like individual differences, transfer of learning and others to the educative process.
The Psychological Movement in Education
He advocated that learning is through observation and experience and education is basically a contact of souls and the teacher must feel respect and sympathy for the children he teachers.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
He established a child-centered curriculum and emphasized manipulation and experimentation to promote independence and creativity.
Friedrich William Froebel
She developed a child-centered school in 1840 and emphasized manipulation and experimentation to promote independence and creativity.
Maria Montessori
It is where education is looked upon as the process geared toward the propagation, perpetuation, and improvement of the society and the total development of an individual.
The Sociological Movement in Education
He is the proponent of the sociological movement, believed that education must be democratic and considered as life and not just a preparation for life. He also postulated the famous “learning by doing” dictum which states that the learner learns best if he is an active participant in the teaching learning process.
John Dewey
it is shown when teacher makes his students feel important, accepted, and appreciated all the time.
Referent Power
It is an influence technique illustrated when a teacher would look in a students’ eye to tell them that he disapproves of their mischievous behavior.
Signal Interference
his/her authority to give the students the grade they deserve
Reward Power
It is a legitimate authority exercised by teachers in the classroom where they take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent.
“In Loco Parentis” or Instead of Parent
he/she is aware of all the things happening around him or her.
With-it-ness
she accepts the student the way they are, illustrated by being firm yet fair, compassionate and approachable.
Referent Power
