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Behavioral Dynamics > Principles of Psychotherapy- Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Principles of Psychotherapy- Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

______ collective aggregate of conscious and unconscious factors that influence personality, behavior and attitudes

A

Psychodynamics

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2
Q

What is another name for psychodynamics?

A

clinical approach/theory

sees personality as a result of conscious and unconscious factors

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3
Q

______ method of treating mental and emotional disorders based around revealing and investigating the role of unconscious and conscious psychological processes

A

Psychoanalysis

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4
Q

______ use of verbal methods to influence another person’s mental and emotional state

A

Psychotherapy

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5
Q

Psychodynamic theory views behavior as the product of an ______

A

“internal discussion”

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6
Q

According to Freud, most of this internal discussion is ?????

A

outside of our awareness

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7
Q

What is the Id know as?

A

the greedy inner child

Primal instincts, basic nature, desires
Seeks gratification or pleasure no matter the cost
According to Freud, most id instincts were sexual because
sex is so critical to human survival

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8
Q

What is the superego known as?

A

“Quest for Perfection”; “Conscience”

The image of what we want to be
Philosophical and moral ideals
Freud believed children initially used their parents’ standards and eventually developed their own personal superego

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9
Q

What is the Ego known as?

A

“Grown-up Self”

Reason, self-control, compromise
Balances external constraints, consequences of actions, and desire for gratification

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10
Q

Freud believed most dynamics between id, ego and superego are ______ of conscious awareness

A

outside

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11
Q

To better understand the psychodynamic theory approach we must tap into the ______

A

unconscious

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12
Q

Define a mature ego defense mechanisms. Give an example

A

Strategies to reduce anxiety from thoughts, desires that does not compromise other functioning

screaming into a pillow

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13
Q

Define a primitive ego defense mechanisms

A

Strategies to reduce anxiety from thoughts, desires that are irrational, immature behavior, and can be dysfunctional

drinking excessive alcohol

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14
Q

Name 11 common ego defense mechanisms

A

regression
denial
projection
intellectualization
repression
displacement
rationalization
dissociation
reaction formation
suppression
sublimation

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15
Q

______ Retreating to an earlier stage of development

A

regression

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16
Q

______ Behaving as though things are different than they really are
If severe, can border on delusion

A

denial

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17
Q

______ Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to another person
Can be used as an excuse for one’s own feelings

A

projection

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18
Q

______ Focusing on minor, often unimportant details of a situation rather than addressing the main, central conflict

A

intellectualization

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19
Q

_____ Placing disagreeable or unacceptable thoughts in the subconscious mind rather than dealing with them

A

repression

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20
Q

_____ Expressing feelings or impulses toward one person or group onto another person, group or object that is less threatening

A

displacement

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21
Q

_______ Reinterpreting an event by cognitively distorting the facts
Making excuses or “lying to ourselves”

A

rationalization

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22
Q

_____ Disconnecting from a stressful situation by pursuing an alternative reality
May be associated with a “fantasy world,” daydreaming, dissociative d/o

A

dissociation

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23
Q

______ Person goes beyond denial; acts opposite to what they think or feel
May occur if a person feels two conflicting emotions (e.g., love and hate) close together

A

reaction formation

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24
Q

_____ Similar to repression, but thoughts are put into subconscious intentionally and usually are dealt with at a future date
Considered a mature and effective defense

A

Suppression

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25
Q

____ Channelling unacceptable impulses into socially appropriate activities, allowing one to use the energy in better ways
Considered a mature and effective defense

A

sublimation

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26
Q

What 2 common ego defense mechanisms are considered mature and effective defense?

A

suppression and sublimation

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27
Q

____ Adapted Freudian Psychology to reflect a greater range of actions by the ego

A

ego psychology

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28
Q

Name 6 expanded range of ego functioning

A

reality testing
impulse control
affect regulation
judgement
synthetic functioning
defense mechanisms

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29
Q

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ distinguish what is happening in one’s own mind from what is going on in the outside world

A

Reality testing

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30
Q

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ Manage impulses without immediate discharge through behavior or symptoms

A

impulse control

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31
Q

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ modulating feelings without being overwhelmed

A

affect regulation

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32
Q

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ acting responsibly
Identifying potential courses of actions, anticipating and evaluating consequences, deciding on course of action

A

judgement

33
Q

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ organizing and unifying other functions within the personality

A

synthetic functioning

34
Q

_____ Based off the premise that humans are shaped in relation to the significant others surrounding them

A

object relations psychology

35
Q

According to self psychology, a person believes that someone’s self is derived from the perception of their ?????

A

identity, personal awareness, and personal experiences, including self-esteem

36
Q

What kind of psychology believes that there is a level of “healthy narcissism” that people should have

A

self psychology

37
Q

Name 3 strengths of the psychodynamic theory

A

-Focuses on how past can influence present behavior
-Acknowledges the impact of the subconscious
-Therapy does seem to help many patients

38
Q

Name 4 weakness of the psychodynamic theory

A

-Ignores biological components
-Depends on therapist interpretation
-Can focus too much on the past, under-emphasizing the present
-Not scientifically proven

39
Q

_____ Belief that human beings are basically good and, if allowed to develop normally, will mature into emotionally healthy adults.

A

humanistic perspective

40
Q

According to the humanistic perspective, _____ happens due to failure of caregivers

A

psychopathology

41
Q

According to the humanistic perspective you need ______ in order to have emotionally healthy adults

A

nurturing environment

42
Q

What is the goal of client centered therapy? How does someone go about achieving this?

A

self- actualization

through unconditional supportive positive regard, No attempt to “decode” patient’s mind or tell the patient what to do - instead encourage them to find their own solution

43
Q

What does the behaviorist perspective teach?

A

Belief that behavior is determined by the environment

44
Q

What is the term for people are born as a blank slate and behaviors that are develop are the result of external stimuli

A

tabula rasa

45
Q

According to the behaviorist perspective, what is the goal of therapy?

A

to alter offensive stimuli or recondition oneself to constructive behaviors

46
Q

according to the behaviorist perspective, how are new behaviors learned?

A

through means such as classical conditioning or operant conditioning

47
Q

according to the behaviorist perspective, what are the inputs? and outputs?

A

input: gathered information

output: observed behavior

48
Q

______ states that thoughts, feelings and behaviors are all connected
Difficulty can be addressed by identifying and changing problematic thinking, behavior and emotional responses

A

cognitive theory

49
Q

_______ looks at people’s learned behaviors and how the environment has an impact on those behaviors
Difficulty can be addressed by modifying our stimuli or our learned responses to stimuli

A

behavioral theory

50
Q

______ Thoughts triggered by the day’s events
Many forms - Commentaries on actions, memories, circumstance-related thoughts

A

automatic thoughts

51
Q

______ Distorted assumptions that people hold about the world and themselves without being aware of them

A

irrational assumptions

52
Q

Name 6 errors in logic. What perspective are they apart of?

A

arbitrary interence
selective abstraction
personalization
overgeneralization
magnification
minimization

cognitive-behavioral perspective

53
Q

Errors in logic, _________ drawing unwarranted conclusions on the basis of little or no evidence

A

arbitrary inference

54
Q

Errors in logic, _________ drawing conclusions on the basis of a single piece of data while ignoring contradictory data

A

selective abstraction

55
Q

Errors in logic, _________ taking the blame for something that clearly is not one’s fault

A

personalization

56
Q

Errors in logic, _________ drawing a general conclusion on the basis of a single, sometimes insignificant event

A

overgeneralization

57
Q

Errors in logic, _________ overestimating importance of (usually negative) events

A

magnification

58
Q

Errors in logic, _________ underestimating importance of (usually positive) events

A

minimization

59
Q

What is the cognitive-behavioral perspective’s goal of therapy?

A

To discover these processes through a therapeutic relationship and allow the patient to become aware of the maladaptive cognition and challenge it

60
Q

Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
61
Q

A response that occurs naturally in response to one stimulus will eventually occur in response to an unrelated stimulus, if the two stimuli occur together consistently.

A

classical conditioning

61
Q

The stronger the unconditioned response (UR), the ____ the learning occurs!

A

faster

62
Q

______ Occurs when stimuli that have
not been conditioned produce the same response as the CS because they are physically or functionally similar to the original CS

A

generalization

63
Q

______ The process of “unlearning” a conditioned response so that the CS no longer produces the CR

A

extinction

64
Q

______ Learning occurs as a result of positive or negative repercussions to our actions.

A

operant conditioning

65
Q

_____ Stimulus increases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future

A

positive reinforcement

66
Q

_____ Removal of already present aversive stimulus increases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future

A

negative reinforcement

67
Q

_____ Application of aversive stimulus after a behavior decreases the behavior

A

punishment

68
Q

_____ Removing a positive reinforcer decreases the behavior

A

response cost

69
Q

_____ Stimuli that signal the availability of reinforcement

A

discriminative stimuli

70
Q

____ Occurs when behavior is no longer reinforced
Rate depends on history of reinforcement

A

extinction

71
Q

continuous reinforcement leads to (rapid/slower) extinction

A

rapid

72
Q

intermittent reinforcement leads to (rapid/slower) extinction

A

slower

73
Q

_____ Instrumental behavior to get a stimulus has no usefulness itself but has been associated with a significant stimulus

A

secondary reward conditioning

74
Q

_____ Response to a cue is instrumental in avoiding a painful or otherwise harmful or negative experience

A

avoidance conditioning

75
Q

______ decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposures to the stimulus

A

habituation

76
Q

More frequent exposures = ??

A

more rapid habituation

77
Q

very strong stimuli result in _____ habituation

A

slower habituation

78
Q
A

Behavioral Dynamics (16 decks)

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