Principles of Psychotherapy- Lecture 2

Question 1

______ collective aggregate of conscious and unconscious factors that influence personality, behavior and attitudes

Answer 1

Psychodynamics

Question 2

What is another name for psychodynamics?

Answer 2

clinical approach/theory

sees personality as a result of conscious and unconscious factors

Question 3

______ method of treating mental and emotional disorders based around revealing and investigating the role of unconscious and conscious psychological processes

Answer 3

Psychoanalysis

Question 4

______ use of verbal methods to influence another person’s mental and emotional state

Answer 4

Psychotherapy

Question 5

Psychodynamic theory views behavior as the product of an ______

Answer 5

“internal discussion”

Question 6

According to Freud, most of this internal discussion is ?????

Answer 6

outside of our awareness

Question 7

What is the Id know as?

Answer 7

the greedy inner child

Primal instincts, basic nature, desires
Seeks gratification or pleasure no matter the cost
According to Freud, most id instincts were sexual because
sex is so critical to human survival

Question 8

What is the superego known as?

Answer 8

“Quest for Perfection”; “Conscience”

The image of what we want to be
Philosophical and moral ideals
Freud believed children initially used their parents’ standards and eventually developed their own personal superego

Question 9

What is the Ego known as?

Answer 9

“Grown-up Self”

Reason, self-control, compromise
Balances external constraints, consequences of actions, and desire for gratification

Question 10

Freud believed most dynamics between id, ego and superego are ______ of conscious awareness

Answer 10

outside

Question 11

To better understand the psychodynamic theory approach we must tap into the ______

Answer 11

unconscious

Question 12

Define a mature ego defense mechanisms. Give an example

Answer 12

Strategies to reduce anxiety from thoughts, desires that does not compromise other functioning

screaming into a pillow

Question 13

Define a primitive ego defense mechanisms

Answer 13

Strategies to reduce anxiety from thoughts, desires that are irrational, immature behavior, and can be dysfunctional

drinking excessive alcohol

Question 14

Name 11 common ego defense mechanisms

Answer 14

regression
denial
projection
intellectualization
repression
displacement
rationalization
dissociation
reaction formation
suppression
sublimation

Question 15

______ Retreating to an earlier stage of development

Answer 15

regression

Question 16

______ Behaving as though things are different than they really are
If severe, can border on delusion

Answer 16

denial

Question 17

______ Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to another person
Can be used as an excuse for one’s own feelings

Answer 17

projection

Question 18

______ Focusing on minor, often unimportant details of a situation rather than addressing the main, central conflict

Answer 18

intellectualization

Question 19

_____ Placing disagreeable or unacceptable thoughts in the subconscious mind rather than dealing with them

Answer 19

repression

Question 20

_____ Expressing feelings or impulses toward one person or group onto another person, group or object that is less threatening

Answer 20

displacement

Question 21

_______ Reinterpreting an event by cognitively distorting the facts
Making excuses or “lying to ourselves”

Answer 21

rationalization

Question 22

_____ Disconnecting from a stressful situation by pursuing an alternative reality
May be associated with a “fantasy world,” daydreaming, dissociative d/o

Answer 22

dissociation

Question 23

______ Person goes beyond denial; acts opposite to what they think or feel
May occur if a person feels two conflicting emotions (e.g., love and hate) close together

Answer 23

reaction formation

Question 24

_____ Similar to repression, but thoughts are put into subconscious intentionally and usually are dealt with at a future date
Considered a mature and effective defense

Answer 24

Suppression

Question 25

____ Channelling unacceptable impulses into socially appropriate activities, allowing one to use the energy in better ways Considered a mature and effective defense

Answer 25

sublimation

Question 26

What 2 common ego defense mechanisms are considered mature and effective defense?

Answer 26

suppression and sublimation

Question 27

____ Adapted Freudian Psychology to reflect a greater range of actions by the ego

Answer 27

ego psychology

Question 28

Name 6 expanded range of ego functioning

Answer 28

reality testing impulse control affect regulation judgement synthetic functioning defense mechanisms

Question 29

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ distinguish what is happening in one’s own mind from what is going on in the outside world

Answer 29

Reality testing

Question 30

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ Manage impulses without immediate discharge through behavior or symptoms

Answer 30

impulse control

Question 31

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ modulating feelings without being overwhelmed

Answer 31

affect regulation

Question 32

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ acting responsibly Identifying potential courses of actions, anticipating and evaluating consequences, deciding on course of action

Answer 32

judgement

Question 33

Which kind of expanded range ego functioning, ________ organizing and unifying other functions within the personality

Answer 33

synthetic functioning

Question 34

_____ Based off the premise that humans are shaped in relation to the significant others surrounding them

Answer 34

object relations psychology

Question 35

According to self psychology, a person believes that someone's self is derived from the perception of their ?????

Answer 35

identity, personal awareness, and personal experiences, including self-esteem

Question 36

What kind of psychology believes that there is a level of "healthy narcissism" that people should have

Answer 36

self psychology

Question 37

Name 3 strengths of the psychodynamic theory

Answer 37

-Focuses on how past can influence present behavior -Acknowledges the impact of the subconscious -Therapy does seem to help many patients

Question 38

Name 4 weakness of the psychodynamic theory

Answer 38

-Ignores biological components -Depends on therapist interpretation -Can focus too much on the past, under-emphasizing the present -Not scientifically proven

Question 39

_____ Belief that human beings are basically good and, if allowed to develop normally, will mature into emotionally healthy adults.

Answer 39

humanistic perspective

Question 40

According to the humanistic perspective, _____ happens due to failure of caregivers

Answer 40

psychopathology

Question 41

According to the humanistic perspective you need ______ in order to have emotionally healthy adults

Answer 41

nurturing environment

Question 42

What is the goal of client centered therapy? How does someone go about achieving this?

Answer 42

self- actualization through unconditional supportive positive regard, No attempt to “decode” patient’s mind or tell the patient what to do - instead encourage them to find their own solution

Question 43

What does the behaviorist perspective teach?

Answer 43

Belief that behavior is determined by the environment

Question 44

What is the term for people are born as a blank slate and behaviors that are develop are the result of external stimuli

Answer 44

tabula rasa

Question 45

According to the behaviorist perspective, what is the goal of therapy?

Answer 45

to alter offensive stimuli or recondition oneself to constructive behaviors

Question 46

according to the behaviorist perspective, how are new behaviors learned?

Answer 46

through means such as classical conditioning or operant conditioning

Question 47

according to the behaviorist perspective, what are the inputs? and outputs?

Answer 47

input: gathered information output: observed behavior

Question 48

______ states that thoughts, feelings and behaviors are all connected Difficulty can be addressed by identifying and changing problematic thinking, behavior and emotional responses

Answer 48

cognitive theory

Question 49

_______ looks at people’s learned behaviors and how the environment has an impact on those behaviors Difficulty can be addressed by modifying our stimuli or our learned responses to stimuli

Answer 49

behavioral theory

Question 50

______ Thoughts triggered by the day’s events Many forms - Commentaries on actions, memories, circumstance-related thoughts

Answer 50

automatic thoughts

Question 51

______ Distorted assumptions that people hold about the world and themselves without being aware of them

Answer 51

irrational assumptions

Question 52

Name 6 errors in logic. What perspective are they apart of?

Answer 52

arbitrary interence selective abstraction personalization overgeneralization magnification minimization cognitive-behavioral perspective

Question 53

Errors in logic, _________ drawing unwarranted conclusions on the basis of little or no evidence

Answer 53

arbitrary inference

Question 54

Errors in logic, _________ drawing conclusions on the basis of a single piece of data while ignoring contradictory data

Answer 54

selective abstraction

Question 55

Errors in logic, _________ taking the blame for something that clearly is not one’s fault

Answer 55

personalization

Question 56

Errors in logic, _________ drawing a general conclusion on the basis of a single, sometimes insignificant event

Answer 56

overgeneralization

Question 57

Errors in logic, _________ overestimating importance of (usually negative) events

Answer 57

magnification

Question 58

Errors in logic, _________ underestimating importance of (usually positive) events

Answer 58

minimization

Question 59

What is the cognitive-behavioral perspective's goal of therapy?

Answer 59

To discover these processes through a therapeutic relationship and allow the patient to become aware of the maladaptive cognition and challenge it

Question 60

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer 60

Question 61

A response that occurs naturally in response to one stimulus will eventually occur in response to an unrelated stimulus, if the two stimuli occur together consistently.

Answer 61

classical conditioning

Question 61

The stronger the unconditioned response (UR), the ____ the learning occurs!

Answer 61

faster

Question 62

______ Occurs when stimuli that have not been conditioned produce the same response as the CS because they are physically or functionally similar to the original CS

Answer 62

generalization

Question 63

______ The process of “unlearning” a conditioned response so that the CS no longer produces the CR

Answer 63

extinction

Question 64

______ Learning occurs as a result of positive or negative repercussions to our actions.

Answer 64

operant conditioning

Question 65

_____ Stimulus increases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future

Answer 65

positive reinforcement

Question 66

_____ Removal of already present aversive stimulus increases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future

Answer 66

negative reinforcement

Question 67

_____ Application of aversive stimulus after a behavior decreases the behavior

Answer 67

punishment

Question 68

_____ Removing a positive reinforcer decreases the behavior

Answer 68

response cost

Question 69

_____ Stimuli that signal the availability of reinforcement

Answer 69

discriminative stimuli

Question 70

____ Occurs when behavior is no longer reinforced Rate depends on history of reinforcement

Answer 70

extinction

Question 71

continuous reinforcement leads to (rapid/slower) extinction

Answer 71

rapid

Question 72

intermittent reinforcement leads to (rapid/slower) extinction

Answer 72

slower

Question 73

_____ Instrumental behavior to get a stimulus has no usefulness itself but has been associated with a significant stimulus

Answer 73

secondary reward conditioning

Question 74

_____ Response to a cue is instrumental in avoiding a painful or otherwise harmful or negative experience

Answer 74

avoidance conditioning

Question 75

______ decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposures to the stimulus

Answer 75

habituation

Question 76

More frequent exposures = ??

Answer 76

more rapid habituation

Question 77

very strong stimuli result in _____ habituation

Answer 77

slower habituation