Principles Of Pharmacology Flashcards
What is pharmacology?
Study of how various substances interact with or alter the function of living organisms
What is a drug?
A substance ingested, injected, inhaled, or rubbed on that is used to prevent or treat a disease or condition.
What does USP stand for? What is it?
United States Pharmacopeia
It is a listing of all medications approved for use
What is a formulary?
Listing of medications
What does it mean to use a drug “off label?”
Using a drug for reasons, at doses, or by route, not approved by the FDA.
What 5 sources can drugs be obtained from?
Plants Animals Minerals Microorganisms Synthetics
What are the four kinds of names all drugs have?
Chemical
Generic
Brand/trade
Official
What are the 6 rights of drug administration?
Right drug Right dose Right time Right route Right patient Right documentation
What are pharmacodynamics?
The cellular effects of a drug in the body
What does endogenous mean?
Native to the body
What does exogenous mean?
From outside the body
What does teratogenic mean?
A substance causes birth defects
What did the Pure Food And Drug Act of 1906 accomplish?
Prohibited the use of false and misleading claims
Restricted the sale of drugs that ha the potential of abuse
Designated the USP and the National Formulary
What did the Harrison Narcotic act of 1914 do?
Established the word narcotic as a legal term
It was passed to control sale of narcotics and help curb drug addiction and dependence
What did the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 accomplish?
Established the FDA
Required a drugs label list all ingredients used in preparing the drug and the directions for its use.
What did the Durham-Humphrey amendment do?
Separated drugs into nonprescription and legend (prescription) drugs
What did the Kefauver-Harris amendment of 1962 do?
Authorized the FDA to establish names for drugs
Required that new drugs safety and efficacy be established before it was approved.
What did the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act of 1970 do?
Made the DEA
Classified drugs into five categories or schedules based on potential for abuse and physical and psychological dependence
Defined terms “drug dependency” and “drug addiction”
What does pregnancy category a imply for a drug?
Controlled studies in women fail to demonstrate risk to the fetus
What does pregnancy category b imply for a drug?
Either animal studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no studies in women or animal studies have shown an adverse effect that was not confined in studies in women in the first trimester
What does pregnancy category c imply for a drug?
Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus and there are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals are not available
What does pregnancy category d imply for a drug?
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk. (If the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease where safer drugs can’t be used.)
What does pregnancy category x imply for a drug?
Don’t use it.
What are the phases of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Biotransformation (metabolism)
Excretion
