Principles of non-foodborne zoonoses control Flashcards
zoonosis - define
Diseases which are transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals & humans
carrier - define
Pathogens isolated from animal/human without causing clinical signs of disease in the host
reservoir - define
The spread of an organism within the reservoir host to maintain the pathogen indefinitely
Examples of zoonoses in companion animal
Rabies Salmonellosis Brucellosis Worms (tapeworms, roundworms) Pasteurellosis Toxoplasmosis Leptospirosis Psittacosis MRSA Tuberculosis Fleas Cheyletielliosis Sarcoptic mange (fox mange) Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
MRSA - what + where is it
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
S. aureus = normal inhabitant of human nose
Opportunistic pathogen
Multidrug-resistant MRSA - fluoraquinolones + broad spec B-lactams
Implications of MRSA for small animal practice
Most canine & feline infections treated successfully
transmitted between pets & humans in both directions
early suspicion + correct diagnosis - what’s needed
Hx
clinical signs
lab tests to identify pathogens
risk factors for humans
Compromised host susceptibility
Close contact
Very young or elderly
Specific risk factors (e.g. wounds, cuts, bites, antimicrobial therapy)
Patients with known zoonotic diseases - precautions to take in practice
Patient should wait outside Seen at the end of the day Disinfection before next patient Isolation of patients & barrier nursing Move within surgery on trolley or in basket Special care in procedure areas
Endemic zoonoses - define
those that are constantly present in a certain population
elements in risk analysis
management
assessment
communication
notifiable zoonosis - food animals
anthrax, hepatitis E, brucellosis, diptheria, e.coli O157, tetanus, plague, rabies, TB, infectious bloody diarrhoea, viral haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever
orf - what is it?
highly contagious viral infection, most commonly seen after lambing, mostinfections resolve within a few weeks
ringworm - what is it?
fungal infection. Itchy, raised, patches that tend to have sharply-defined edges.
pathogens with faecal-oral pathway
salmonella
campylobacter
E. coli
cryptosprodium
