Pre-Harvest food risks

Question 1

Pre-harvest hazards and risks and risk assessment

Answer 1

Animal-derived food - meat, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, honey

Question 2

objective of risk assessment at farm level

Answer 2

hazards at farm level are very diverse

identify relevant hazards, to prioritise them and to evaluate risk management strategies

Question 3

latent zoonosis

Answer 3

just because an animal is healthy as it enters food supply doesn’t make it microbiologically safe

Question 4

risk pathways

Answer 4

Hazards can originate from many sources and transmission can occur via direct or indirect pathways
should not about relevant food hazards even if they do not cause disease in animals

Question 5

Types of hazards in animal-derived foods - Biological

Answer 5

bacteria, viruses, parasites

Question 6

Types of hazards in animal-derived foods - Chemical

Answer 6

environmental contaminants, illegal substances, natural toxins (mycotoxins)

Question 7

Types of hazards in animal-derived foods - Physical

Answer 7

glass, metal, non-edible ingredients

Question 8

sources of hazards - animals

Answer 8

foot-and-mouth
African horse sickness
salmonella
TB

Question 9

sources of hazards - personnel

Answer 9

influenza
salmonella
staphylococci

Question 10

sources of hazards - wildlife

Answer 10

avian influenza
TB
salmonella

Question 11

sources of hazards - insects

Answer 11

bluetongue
borreliosis
MRSA

Question 12

sources of hazards - environment

Answer 12

Q-fever

anthrax

Question 13

sources of hazards - food

Answer 13

salmonella

Question 14

feed and water

Answer 14

contamination - pesticides, fungicides, pathogens

feed manufactures have responsibility to give clean food

Question 15

top 3 risks in milk

Answer 15

TB, salmonella, brucella

Question 16

top risk in cheese

Answer 16

Listeria

Question 17

top 3 risks in beef

Answer 17

e.coli, BSE, TB

Question 18

top 3 risks in lamb

Answer 18

e.coli, salmonella, brucella

Question 19

top 3 risks in pork

Answer 19

salmonella, campylobacter, trichinella

Question 20

top 2 risks in chicken

Answer 20

campylobacter, salmonella

Question 21

top risk in eggs

Answer 21

salmonella

Question 22

Salmonella in livestock and poultry

Answer 22

Salmonella can contaminate animal feed - animal feed surveillance for Salmonella - 0.9% of feed +ve in 2010
statutory in poultry breeding farm
voluntary in laying + broiler flocks
not statutory in pigs

Question 23

E. coli O157 and livestock

Answer 23

routes for human infection - Consumption of contaminated food or water, Direct contact with animals or their faeces, Person-to-person
infected animals normally don’t have clinical signs

Question 24

what does risk management involve

Answer 24

identify most cost-effective option
implement
monitor + follow up

Question 25

Risk management strategies

Answer 25

1. Risk Transfer (insurance)
2. Risk Avoidance (avoid hazardous activities)
3. Risk Mitigation, Risk Reduction (decr -ve consequences)
4. Risk Acceptance

Question 26

Statutory programs for managing food safety bovine TB

Answer 26

test-and-kill strategy
movement restrictions
biosecurity

Question 27

traceability

Answer 27

animal ID

movement records

Question 28

Preparing animals for slaughter

Answer 28

avoid stress
prevent soiling of animals
assure animal is fit for slaughter + transport
assure animal ID

Question 29

Food Chain information

Answer 29

Document that the farmer is responsible to provide for each animal that enters the meat chain.
It has been gradually introduced and now is fully implemented in all species
info on - The producer, The health status of animals and farm (e.g. TB), Treatments, Veterinarian