Pre-Harvest food risks Flashcards
Pre-harvest hazards and risks and risk assessment
Animal-derived food - meat, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, honey
objective of risk assessment at farm level
hazards at farm level are very diverse
identify relevant hazards, to prioritise them and to evaluate risk management strategies
latent zoonosis
just because an animal is healthy as it enters food supply doesn’t make it microbiologically safe
risk pathways
Hazards can originate from many sources and transmission can occur via direct or indirect pathways
should not about relevant food hazards even if they do not cause disease in animals
Types of hazards in animal-derived foods - Biological
bacteria, viruses, parasites
Types of hazards in animal-derived foods - Chemical
environmental contaminants, illegal substances, natural toxins (mycotoxins)
Types of hazards in animal-derived foods - Physical
glass, metal, non-edible ingredients
sources of hazards - animals
foot-and-mouth
African horse sickness
salmonella
TB
sources of hazards - personnel
influenza
salmonella
staphylococci
sources of hazards - wildlife
avian influenza
TB
salmonella
sources of hazards - insects
bluetongue
borreliosis
MRSA
sources of hazards - environment
Q-fever
anthrax
sources of hazards - food
salmonella
feed and water
contamination - pesticides, fungicides, pathogens
feed manufactures have responsibility to give clean food
top 3 risks in milk
TB, salmonella, brucella
top risk in cheese
Listeria
top 3 risks in beef
e.coli, BSE, TB
top 3 risks in lamb
e.coli, salmonella, brucella
top 3 risks in pork
salmonella, campylobacter, trichinella
top 2 risks in chicken
campylobacter, salmonella
top risk in eggs
salmonella
Salmonella in livestock and poultry
Salmonella can contaminate animal feed - animal feed surveillance for Salmonella - 0.9% of feed +ve in 2010
statutory in poultry breeding farm
voluntary in laying + broiler flocks
not statutory in pigs
E. coli O157 and livestock
routes for human infection - Consumption of contaminated food or water, Direct contact with animals or their faeces, Person-to-person
infected animals normally don’t have clinical signs
what does risk management involve
identify most cost-effective option
implement
monitor + follow up
Risk management strategies
- Risk Transfer (insurance)
- Risk Avoidance (avoid hazardous activities)
- Risk Mitigation, Risk Reduction (decr -ve consequences)
- Risk Acceptance
Statutory programs for managing food safety bovine TB
test-and-kill strategy
movement restrictions
biosecurity
traceability
animal ID
movement records
Preparing animals for slaughter
avoid stress
prevent soiling of animals
assure animal is fit for slaughter + transport
assure animal ID
Food Chain information
Document that the farmer is responsible to provide for each animal that enters the meat chain.
It has been gradually introduced and now is fully implemented in all species
info on - The producer, The health status of animals and farm (e.g. TB), Treatments, Veterinarian
