Principles of Metallurgy Flashcards
The art and science of extracting and refining metals from primary and secondary sources to characterize, process, and fabricate for application and use at a profit.
Metallurgy
This refers to process and methods of extracting metals from their natural mineral deposits. This is a material science field.
Extractive Metallurgy
The selective reaction of valuable metal using aqueous reagents
Hydrometallurgy
Heat is used to achieve decomposition of the valuable metal compound.
Pyrometallurgy
Electrolysis is used to selectively deposit the valuable metal
Electrometallurgy
It deals with the extraction of metals from their ores.
Chemical Metallurgy
It deals with the nature, structure, and properties of metals and alloys, together with the mechanisms which change these properties according to the requirements.
Physical Metallurgy
This is the study of the physical structure and components of metals, by using microscopy.
Metallography
It deals with working and shaping of metals and alloys by casting, powder metallurgy, forging, rolling, extruding, drawing and etc.
Mechanical Metallurgy
It involves the extraction of metals with chemical reactions at high temperature usually performed in reactors with refractories using dry reagents for extraction.
Pyrometallurgy
The process of heating the ore at a temperature not sufficient to melt the ore, in the absence of air; and converts carbonates to oxides.
Calcination
The process of heating the ore in the presence of excess air.
Roasting
It is the separation by melting; a process of melting and separating the feed into two immiscible liquids. In this process, fluxes are added to facilitate slag formation.
Smelting
A refining or purifying process. This oxidizes impurities from pig iron and sulfur from copper mattes.
Converting
This involves the heating of ore material, usually with a binder to convert fine particles into larger lumps for easy handling.
Sintering (frittage)
A molten solution of metal oxides and silicon dioxide and in some cases metal sulfides. This is a by-product of smelting.
Slag
This is a by product of smelting iron and steel
Ferrous Slag
This is by product of smelting iron and its alloys in production
Ferroalloy Slag
This is the by products in the recovery of non-ferrous metals such as copper, nickel, zinc, and phosphorus.
Non-ferrous/ Base Slag
These are solid impurities found floating on top of low melting temperature metals/ alloys ( tin, lead, zinc or aluminum or alloys by oxidation of the metal).
Dross
The molten solution of sulfides formed during smelting of copper, nickel, and lead
Matte
The unwanted molten solution of arsenides of iron, cobalt, copper, and nickel formed during matte smelting.
Speiss
These are heated by the flame and radiation from the sidewalls, and transfers the heat to the bath then the charge is isolated from external heat source.
Crucible Furnaces (Class 1)
The flame heats the bath both directly and by radiation from the roof.
Hearth Furnaces (Class 2)
It is used for continuous melting processes; the solid charge flows down under gravity and the product is collected at the bath and the gases rise to heat and react with the charge.
Shaft Furnaces (Class 3)
The electrodes deliver the electrical energy. This is used primarily for its flexibility and production of clean melt.
Electric Arc Furnace
This uses heating coils and indirect heating of charge
Induction Furnace
