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Mining Engineering 3 > Mineral Processing > Flashcards

Mineral Processing Flashcards

1
Q

The science and art of separating valuable metallic and non-metallic minerals from unusable gangues

A

Mineral Processing/ Mineral Beneficiation/ Mineral Engineering/ Ore Dressing

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2
Q

High recovery without the acceptable grade will lead to an _________ product and thus it is often unsatisfactory

A

Unsalable

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3
Q

Even if the state-of-the-art procedure can recover tons of valuable materials, as long as the process is costly, the process is deemed ______.

A

Inefficient

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4
Q

The percentage of the valuable material reporting to the concentrate with reference to the amount of material in feed.

____ = (amount of concentrate/ amount of feed)x 100%

A

Percent Recovery

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5
Q

It refers to the release of valuable minerals between themselves and from the associated gangue at the coarsest possible particle size.

A

Comminution/ Liberation/ Particle-Size Liberation

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6
Q

These particles are when valuable minerals and gangues and interlocked in a particle.

A

Middling Particles

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7
Q

This refers to the separation of particles according to their size using nets or screens of desired industry standard perforations.

A

Sizing/ Screening and Classfication

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8
Q

The separation of minerals into two or more products (the valuable minerals in concentrates, gangues in tailings, and locked particles in middlings).

A

Concentration

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9
Q

The final process of removing the water content of the mineral in order to dispose of the gangue and reach the desired concentrate levels for marketability

A

Dewatering/ Solid-liquid Separation

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10
Q

The process prior to the ore being processed.

A

Ore Handling

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11
Q

Unit Operations of Ore Handling

A

Cleaning, Transporting, Stockpiling, Mill Feed Analysis

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12
Q

Intermixing by blending of the run-of-mine ore _______ homogeneity and consistency before feeding

A

maximizes

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13
Q

This process is the removal of unwanted substances present in the run-of-mine ore.

A

Cleaning

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14
Q

This process is the removal of unwanted substances present in the run-of-mine ore.

A

Cleaning

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15
Q

Methods of Cleaning

A

Hand Sorting, Electromagnetic Separation over a conveyor belt, and Washing of clays and slimes

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16
Q

The process of transporting the run-of-mine ore by various means depending on its characteristics

A

Transporting

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17
Q

It is a form of transport in which cars of special type are suspended from overhead ropes employed for conveying material

A

Aerial Ropeway

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18
Q

Aerial Ropeways based on its conveying properties are either:

A

Single Cable or Bia-Cable

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19
Q

1) Can travel in long distances
2) Lower Capital Cost
3) Eco-friendly
4) Good Transportation

A

Advantages of Aerial Ropeways

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20
Q

1) Limited scope
2) Straight-line device
3) Change in vertical direction needed
4) Slow

A

Disadvantages

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21
Q

A widely used across the construction and mining industry for the handling of heavy materials.

A

Dumper Trucks/ Tipper/ Haul Truck

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22
Q

The Biggest Tipper/ Haul Truck

A

BelAZ 75710 Dump Truck (20.6m and 450t, Belarussian-Russian)

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23
Q

It transports ore and other materials from the mining site to processing facilities or loading areas.

A

Conveyor Belts

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24
Q

The middle layer of the conveyor belt system that helps support the belt.

A

Carcass

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25
Q

It consists of various layers of fabric separated by rubber, which helps deaden impact. Tend to be longer-lasting and are used for underground applications.

A

Multi-ply Conveyor Belt

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26
Q

Ideal for tunneling applications, they’re most often used in rock quarries and rock crushers.

A

Straight-warp Conveyor Belt

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27
Q

Steel cables running the entire length of the belt anchor this type of conveyor belt, which is used for underground applications.

A

Steel-cord

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28
Q

In underground mining belts, impregnation paste, and rubber components are added during manufacturing to help _______ the friction factor and _____ fire resistance.

A

decrease, increase

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29
Q

The accumulation of ore or mineral built up when demand slackens or when the treatment plant or beneficiation equipment is incomplete or temporarily unequal to handling the mine output

A

Stockpiling

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30
Q
A

Factors that affect the quantity of storage

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31
Q

1) Size of Operation
2) Frequency of Unexpected Breakdown
3) Shutdown of Individual Units

A

Factors that affect the quantity of storage

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32
Q

The reference to the amount of moisture present in the material often expressed as a percentage.

_______ = ((Wet Weight- Dry Weight)/ Wet Weight) x 100%

A

Moisture Content

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33
Q

The best possible grade representation in mineral processing.

A

75 microns when homogenous

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34
Q

The weight of the concentrate is determined by deducting the ________

A

Moisture Factor

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35
Q

It is the difference between the weight of the feed and weight of the concentrates.

A

Tailing Weight

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36
Q

This allow the direction of elements present in the system to measure the sensitivity of base and noble metals and in the production of a clean concentrate

A

In-stream Analyzers

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37
Q

These are any non-ferrous (they contain no iron) metals that are neither precious metals nor noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd).

A

Noble Metals

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38
Q

These are common and inexpensive metals characterized by oxidizing and corroding relatively easily and reacting variably with HCl to form H (Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn).

A

Base Metals

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39
Q

It employs sensors acting as a source of radiation absorbed by sample causing a fluorescent response.

A

In-stream X-ray Analyzer

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40
Q

It is installed in feed, concentrate, and tailings streams where it is analyzed by electrical circuits in a computer.

A

Analyzer Probes

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41
Q

This shows the elemental dispersion at every minute available. It is done manually or by automation in controlling reagents during froth flotation.

A

Digital Process Control Module

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42
Q

This is used to determine the quality of grind and establish degree of liberation of valuable minerals.

A

Particle Size Analysis

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43
Q

The general expression for separation of particles

A

Sizing

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44
Q

The diameter of a spherical particle which behaves similar to an irregular particle under specified conditions.

A

Equivalent Size/ Diameter

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45
Q

A diameter having the same surface area as the irregular particle

A

Surface Diameter

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46
Q

A diameter having the same volume as the irregular particle

A

Volume Diameter

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47
Q

A circular shell of brass having an 8in diameter and 2in height used in testing materials.

A

Test Sieve

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48
Q

This is made of thin wires woven to produce a uniform cloth apertures. It is placed at the bottom of the shell so that material can be held on the sieve.

A

Sieve Cloth

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49
Q

The distance between 2 parallel wires

A

Apertures/ Opening

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50
Q

The number of apertures per linear inch which designates sieves.

A

Mesh Number

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51
Q

The size of the aperture

A

Mesh Size

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52
Q

As mesh number increases, the mesh size __________

A

Decreases

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53
Q

This refers to the list of successive sieve sizes used in any lab from coarsest to finest

A

Sieve Scale

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54
Q

It is adopted for size analyses and general testing work to facilitate the interchangeability of results and data.

A

Standard Sieve Scale

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55
Q

Standard Sieve Scales follows the:

A

American Standard for Testing and Materials 11 (ASTM 11)

56
Q

A method of size analysis performed to determine the percent weight of closely sized fraction by allowing the sample to pass through a series of test sieves

A

Sieve Analysis

57
Q

It refers to a material in which the difference between the maximum and minimum sizes is small.

A

Closely-sized Material

58
Q

High fluctuation of feed at flotation cells yields a __________ to tailings

A

A loss to tailings

59
Q

Comminution starts during

A

Blasting

60
Q

The quantity or amount of draw within a given time. It is the rate of production for a process over a specific amount of time.

A

Throughput

61
Q

These refer to particles that consist a single material

A

Free Particles

62
Q

These consist of 2 or more minerals which is either associated with a gangue or ore mineral

A

Locked Particles/ Midllings

63
Q

The size as it occurs in the ore

A

Grain Size

64
Q

The size whether free or locked particle

A

Particle Size

65
Q

The size at which the mineral is completely liberated

A

Liberation Size/ Required Size

66
Q

The ratio of maximum size in feed to the maximum size in the product.

A

Reduction Ratio

67
Q

This happens when the mineral particles have similar properties where bonding is stronger. This size reduction must be done.

A

Transgranular Liberation

68
Q

This happens when mineral particles can be separated due to weaker bonds causing fracture

A

Intergranular Liberation

69
Q

It states that the energy required to crush is the same regardless of the original size. This is applicable for compression of large particles.

A

Kick’s Law

70
Q

The energy required for reduction is directly proportional to the increase in surface area. This is for brittle materials undergoing fine milling.

A

Rittinger’s Law

71
Q

The energy required is proportional to the square root of the surface-volume ratio. This is useful in rough mill sizing

A

Bond’s Law

72
Q

A reasonable amount of crushing for liberation to be done is used in what deposit?

A

For Massive Ores

73
Q

The valuables can be freed only partially by crushing and require certain amount of grinding to complete liberation

A

For Intergrown Ores

74
Q

It is accomplished by compression of the ore against a rigid surface or by impact against a surface in a rigidly constrained motion path.

A

Crushing

75
Q

These machines liberate the rock of 1m to 100-200mm sizes.

A

Primary Crushers

76
Q

It has two plates et at an acute angle to each other forming a crushing chamber. One plate is fixed and kept at a vertical angle while the other is a movable or swing plate. This is suitable for soft to very hard ores.

A

Jaw Crusher/ Toggle Crusher

77
Q

Reduction Ratio of Jaw Crushers

A

4/1 to 7/1

78
Q

It is pivoted at the top and has a fixed receiving area and a variable discharge area. Reduction Ratio at 8/1

A

Blake Crusher

79
Q

It is pivoted at the bottom and has a variable receiving area and a fixed discharged area.

A

Dodge Crusher

80
Q

It is pivoted in an intermediate position with both the receiving and discharge area variable.

A

Universal Crusher

81
Q

The volume/ cavity between the two jaws.

A

Crushing Chamber

82
Q

The jaws in the jaw crusher are typically made up of

A

Cast Iron/ Cast Steel

83
Q

The distance between two jaw plates at the feed opening.

A

Gape

84
Q

The distance between two jaw plates at the discharge opening.

A

Set

85
Q

The maximum distance between two jaw plates at the discharge.

A

Closed Set

86
Q

The minimum distance between two jaw plates at the discharge.

A

Open Set

87
Q

The maximum amplitude of swing of the jaw

A

Throw

88
Q

These consist of 2 vertical truncated shells of which the outer hollow conical shell is stationary and the inner solid conical shell is made to gyrate. It has a reduction ratio of 8/1.

A

Gyratory Crusher

89
Q

Which of the following has the large throughput? Jaw Crusher or Gyratory Crusher

A

Gyratory Crusher

90
Q

A modified gyratory crusher which has straight or curved heads and concaves typically used in secondary to tertiary crushing.

A

Reduction Gyratory Crusher

91
Q

These machines liberate the ore of 600mm to 3-25 mm.

A

Secondary Crushers

92
Q

A modified gyratory crusher with both the outer and inner conical shells are pointing up

A

Cone Crusher

93
Q

Reduction Ratio of Cone Crushers

A

3/1 to 10/1

94
Q

It has stepped liners to allow a coarser feed. It has a reduction ratio of 6/1 to 8/1

A

Standard Cone Crusher

95
Q

It has a steeper head angle to prevent choking of finer material. It has a reduction ratio of 4/1 to 6/1

A

Short-head Cone Crusher

96
Q

It consists of 2 heavy manganese horizontal cylinders revolving towards each other and feed material is nipped between the rolls and pulled downward through rolls by friction. It has the lowest reduction ratio of 2/1 to 4/1

A

Roll Crusher

97
Q

Roll crushers are suitable for:

A

soft and friable ores such as coal, phosphates, limestone, chalk, and etc.

98
Q

It reduces particles by impact forces which are applied through sharp blows of fixed or free swinging hammers revolving about a central rotor at high speed to the free-falling particles against stationary surfaces.

A

Impact Crusher

99
Q

It strikes the material entering the crushing chamber and throwing it against the impact wall causing the material to fracture into smaller particles.

A

Blow Backs

100
Q

These are done in closed circuits where size reduction has not completed. It uses secondary crushers where it is necessary to produce fines.

A

Tertiary Crusher

101
Q

It resembles a cylindrical trammel screen in operation. It consists of a slightly inclined cylindrical chamber with perforated wall and rotates about its axis at low rpm used both as a crusher and screener.

A

Bradford Breaker

102
Q

It is used in hard-rock mining operations where rolls are subjected to high pressure so that comminution takes place by compressive forces as well as by inter-particle breakage.

A

High Pressure Grinding Rolls

103
Q

Bradford Breakers are reliable in the:

A

Coal Industry at 100t/h to 2,200 t/h

104
Q

It has a spherical steel head and is used for tertiary crushing

A

Gyrasphere

105
Q

The final stage in comminution performed in a rotating cylindrical heavy-duty steel vessels either dry or as a suspension in water.

A

Grinding

106
Q

Grinding systems reduce materials of 1 cm from crushers to:

A

35-200 (500 um - 75um) mesh

107
Q

In gravel operations, sieve sizes used ranges:

A

3in to 1/2 in

108
Q

In soil sampling operations, sieve sizes used ranges:

A

17 mesh - 18 mesh (2.8mm-1mm)

109
Q

It consist of a horizontal rotating steel shell supported by end bearing on which hollow trunnions revolve. This is used to reduce the particle size of a solid with grinding medium

A

Grinding Mill/ Tumbling Mill

110
Q

These are attached inside the mill to protect it from wear and damage.

A

Liners

111
Q

These are attached inside the mill to protect it from wear and damage.

A

Liners

112
Q

The feed is in a vibrating feeder with added fluid having the viscosity and density of air. This is used in extremely fine products.

A

Dry Grinding Mill

113
Q

This is carried out in 20-35% water by weight. It has low power consumption since water adds the fracturing.

A

Wet Grinding Mill

114
Q

A type of feeder that uses a series of overlapping steel plates to convey the load suitable to any size of material. A favorite of the mining industry.

A

Apron Feeder

115
Q

The entire mill feed enters the drum and an internal spiral carries it and fed to the mill

A

Drum Feeder

116
Q

The material is fed to the drum and the scoop picks it up and fed to the mill.

A

Scoop Feeder

117
Q

Factors in selecting whether dry or wet grinding mill to be chosen:

A

1) Economic gain from reduced power demand
2) Increased throughput against increased cost

118
Q

These are generally used for fine material applications especially 6in or less. These feature a flat belt that is supported by closely spaced idlers and driven at the head pulley.

A

Belt Feeders

119
Q

This uses carbon steel or iron balls of 1-6in diameter as the grinding medium. These usually have a length to diameter ratio of 1.5- 1.0

A

Ball Mills

120
Q

Ball mills are suited for finer grinding of ________

A

Hard and coarse feeds such as base metals and phosphates

121
Q

The rolling of one ball to the other which leads to fine grinding.

A

Cascading

122
Q

The free-fall of balls which leads to coarse grinding.

A

Cataracting

123
Q

It is defined as the speed at which centrifuging occurs as balls rotate around the shell.

A

Critical Speed

124
Q

These are generally used to feed primary crushers in aggregate, mining and recycling applications, but they can also be used to feed grizzly feeders for removing material ahead of a crusher.

A

Vibrating Pan Feeders

125
Q

It refers to the action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness of someone or something through sustained attack or pressure.

A

Attrition

126
Q

It uses rods as grinding medium with length to diameter ratio of 1.5-2.5 and are suitable for preparation of feed to gravity and magnetic separation

A

Rod Mills

127
Q

Rod mills run at 50-60% critical speed thus rod mills:

A

Cascade than cataract

128
Q

Grinding is done by ______ and _____ and exerted preferentially on coarsest particles.

A

Friction and Attrition

129
Q

The material is fed at one end of the mills and the ground product is discharged from the other end by means of several peripheral apertures into a close-fitting circumferential chute.

A

End Peripheral Discharge Mills

130
Q

The material is fed at both ends of the mill and ground product is discharged through a circumferential port at the center of the shell.

A

Center Peripheral Discharge Mills

131
Q

The discharge grates are fitted through which pulp flows freely and lifted up to the level of the discharge trunnions.

A

Grate Discharge Mills

132
Q

A grinding mill where length to diameter ratio is 3-5 where it uses ceramic pebbles made of flint or porcelain as grinding media.

A

Tube Mil/ Pebble Mill

133
Q

It uses coarse particles as the grinding medium. Grinding is achieved by the action of ore particles of different sizes hit each other when the tumbling mill is rotated.

A

Autogenous Mill (AG Mill)

134
Q

A variation of the AG mill that uses a combination of the ore and reduced charge of balls or rods as grinding medium to overcome difficulties in AG Mills. This is an economical option and is used in base and noble metals.

A

Semi-autogenous Mills (SAG Mills)

135
Q

A process where crushed particles are separated using a hard metallic screen having a perforated surface with a fixed dimension and uniform aperture.

A

Screening

136
Q

_______ is judged by the recovery of desired size and misplaced material in each product.

A

Efficiency

137
Q

It is used for primary screening for coarse materials installed for sizing the feed to the primary crusher

A

Grizzly

Mining Engineering 3 (13 decks)

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