Principles Of Inheritance And Variations Flashcards
What is inheritance
It is the process by which characters are passed on from parent to progeny
What is the basis of heredity
Inheritance
Inheritance is the basis of
Heredity
What are variations
It is the degree by which progeny differ from their parents
Humans knew from as early as ___ that one of the causes of variation was hidden in sexual reproduction
8000-1000 BC
What did early humans exploit to selectively breed and select for organisms that possessed desirable characters
Variations
Through ___ and ___ from ancestral wild cows we have well known indian breeds
Artificial selection and domestication
Give an example for a well know Indian breed cow
Sahiwal
Sahiwal cows are in
Punjab
It was during the __ that headway was made in the understanding of inheritance
Mid-19th century
It was during the mid-19th century that headway was made in the understanding of ___
Inheritance
Who conducted hybridisation experiments on garden pea
Gregor mendel
For how many years did mendel experiment on garden peas
Seven
Give the time period of mendel experiments
1856-1863
Who proposed the laws of inheritance
Mendel
When was the first time that statistical analysis and mathematical logic were applied in biology
During medel’s experiments
Mendels experiments had a __ sampling size
Large
What gave greater credibility to the data that mendel collected
Large sampling size of his experiments
What proved that mendel’s results pointed to general rules of inheritance rather than being unsubstantiated ideas
Confirmation of his inferences from experiments on successive generations of his test plants
Mendel investigated characters in the garden pea that were manifested as two __ traits
Opposing
What allowed mendel to set up a basic framework of rules governing inheritance
Chosing of two opposing traits
What type of pollination did mendel conduct on his true breeding pea lines
Artificial pollination/cross pollination
Mendel used ___ pea lines
True breeding
What is a true breeding line
One that, having undergone continuous self pollination, shows the stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations
How many true breeeding pea plants did mendel select
14
Mendel selected 14 true breeding pea plant varieties as pairs which were __ except for one character with __
Similar
Contrasting trait
What seven characters did mendel choose For his experiments
Stem height Flower colour Flower position Pod shape Pod colour seed shape seed colour
What was the dominant and recessive character of stem height
Dominant -tall
Recessive- dwarf
What was the dominant and recessive character of flower position
Dominant axial
Recessive terminal
What was the dominant and recessive character of flower colour
Dominant violet
Recessive white
What was the dominant and recessive character of pod colour
Dominant green
Recessive yellow
What was the dominant and recessive character of pod shape
Dominant inflated
Recessive constricted
What was the dominant and recessive character of seed colour
Dominant yellow
Recessive green
What was the dominant and recessive character of seed shape
Dominant round
Recessive wrinkled
Mendel observed that all the F1 progeny plants were
Tall
Mendel found that F1 always resembled
Either one of the parents
What did mendel do to the F1 generation
He self pollinated it
The proportion of plants that were dwarf in F2 generation were
1/4 of tge F2 plants
Proportion of plans that were tall in F2 generation
3/4th of F2 plants
The tall and dwarf trains in F2 generation were ___ to their parental type and did not show any __
Identical
Blending
