Principles Of Inheritance And Variations Flashcards

1
Q

What is inheritance

A

It is the process by which characters are passed on from parent to progeny

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2
Q

What is the basis of heredity

A

Inheritance

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3
Q

Inheritance is the basis of

A

Heredity

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4
Q

What are variations

A

It is the degree by which progeny differ from their parents

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5
Q

Humans knew from as early as ___ that one of the causes of variation was hidden in sexual reproduction

A

8000-1000 BC

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6
Q

What did early humans exploit to selectively breed and select for organisms that possessed desirable characters

A

Variations

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7
Q

Through ___ and ___ from ancestral wild cows we have well known indian breeds

A

Artificial selection and domestication

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8
Q

Give an example for a well know Indian breed cow

A

Sahiwal

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9
Q

Sahiwal cows are in

A

Punjab

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10
Q

It was during the __ that headway was made in the understanding of inheritance

A

Mid-19th century

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11
Q

It was during the mid-19th century that headway was made in the understanding of ___

A

Inheritance

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12
Q

Who conducted hybridisation experiments on garden pea

A

Gregor mendel

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13
Q

For how many years did mendel experiment on garden peas

A

Seven

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14
Q

Give the time period of mendel experiments

A

1856-1863

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15
Q

Who proposed the laws of inheritance

A

Mendel

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16
Q

When was the first time that statistical analysis and mathematical logic were applied in biology

A

During medel’s experiments

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17
Q

Mendels experiments had a __ sampling size

A

Large

18
Q

What gave greater credibility to the data that mendel collected

A

Large sampling size of his experiments

19
Q

What proved that mendel’s results pointed to general rules of inheritance rather than being unsubstantiated ideas

A

Confirmation of his inferences from experiments on successive generations of his test plants

20
Q

Mendel investigated characters in the garden pea that were manifested as two __ traits

A

Opposing

21
Q

What allowed mendel to set up a basic framework of rules governing inheritance

A

Chosing of two opposing traits

22
Q

What type of pollination did mendel conduct on his true breeding pea lines

A

Artificial pollination/cross pollination

23
Q

Mendel used ___ pea lines

A

True breeding

24
Q

What is a true breeding line

A

One that, having undergone continuous self pollination, shows the stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations

25
Q

How many true breeeding pea plants did mendel select

A

14

26
Q

Mendel selected 14 true breeding pea plant varieties as pairs which were __ except for one character with __

A

Similar

Contrasting trait

27
Q

What seven characters did mendel choose For his experiments

A
Stem height
Flower colour
Flower position
Pod shape
Pod colour
seed shape 
seed colour
28
Q

What was the dominant and recessive character of stem height

A

Dominant -tall

Recessive- dwarf

29
Q

What was the dominant and recessive character of flower position

A

Dominant axial

Recessive terminal

30
Q

What was the dominant and recessive character of flower colour

A

Dominant violet

Recessive white

31
Q

What was the dominant and recessive character of pod colour

A

Dominant green

Recessive yellow

32
Q

What was the dominant and recessive character of pod shape

A

Dominant inflated

Recessive constricted

33
Q

What was the dominant and recessive character of seed colour

A

Dominant yellow

Recessive green

34
Q

What was the dominant and recessive character of seed shape

A

Dominant round

Recessive wrinkled

35
Q

Mendel observed that all the F1 progeny plants were

A

Tall

36
Q

Mendel found that F1 always resembled

A

Either one of the parents

37
Q

What did mendel do to the F1 generation

A

He self pollinated it

38
Q

The proportion of plants that were dwarf in F2 generation were

A

1/4 of tge F2 plants

39
Q

Proportion of plans that were tall in F2 generation

A

3/4th of F2 plants

40
Q

The tall and dwarf trains in F2 generation were ___ to their parental type and did not show any __

A

Identical

Blending