biodiversity and conservation Flashcards
how many species of ants are there?
20,000
how many species of beetles are there
3 lakh
how many species of fishes are there
28,000
how many species of orchids are there
nearly 20,000
who popularised the term biodiversity
Edward Wilson
Edward Wilson popularised which term
biodiversity
Rauwolfia Vomitoria grows in which region
different himalayan ranges
example for genetic variation is shown by
Rauwolfia Vomitoria
Rauwolfia Vomitoria is a ___ plant
medicinal
genetic variation of Rauwolfia Vomitoria might be in terms of ___ and ___ of the chemical produced by it
potency and concentration
which chemical is produced by Rauwolfia Vomitoria
reserpine
reserpine is an ___ chemical
active
how many genetically different strains of rice does India have
more than 50,000
hoe many varieties of mango does India have
1000
give an example for species diversity
western ghats have greater amphibian diversity than eastern ghats
which species diversity is more in western ghats than eastern ghats
amphibian
western ghats have greater/lower amphibian diversity than eastern ghats
greater
give an example for ecological diversity
India has a greater ecosystem diversity than Norway
Norway is a ____ country
scandinavian
we could lose all the rich diversity in less than ____ if the present rates of species losses continue
two centuaries
according to IUCN (2004) total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than ____
1.5 million
according to _____, total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than 1.5 million
IUCN (2004)
speciec inventories are more complete in ___ than in ___ countries
temparate than in tropical countries
large proportion of species are waiting to be discovered in the ____
tropics
an estimate given by some biologists on total no. of species on earth was
20 to 50 million
estimate given by Robert May places global species diversity at about
7 million
who gave the estimate for global species diversity as 7 million
Robert May
what % of total species is animals
more than 70%
what % of total species did the plants comprise of
no more than 22%
among animals, ___ are the most species rich taxonomic group
insects
what % of animals does insects make
70%
out of every 10 animals on this planet, __ are insects
7
the number of ____ species are more than the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles and mammals
fungi
the number of fungi species are more than the combined total of ___, ___, ___ and ___
fishes, amphibians, reptiles and mammals
the estimates of species diversity doesnt give any figure for
prokaryotes
if we accept biochemical or molecular criteria for declining species for _____ group, then their diversity along might run into millions
prokaryotic
what % of world’s land area does India has
2.4%
what % of global species diversity does India have
8.1
what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries
8.1% of global species diversity
how many species of plants are recorded from India
45,000
nearly 45,000 species of plants and ___ as many of animals have been recorded from india
twice
nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of _____ have been recorded from india
animals
if we accept May’s global estimates, only ___ of the total species have been recorded so far
22%
if we accept ______, only 22% of the total species have been recorded so far
May’s global estimates
how many plant species are yet to be discovered in India
1 lakh
how many animal species are yet to be discovered in India
more than 3 lakh
give two patterns of biodiversity
latitudinal gradients
species area relationship
species diversity increases/decreases as we move from equator to poles
decreases
species diversity decreases as we move from ____ to ___
equator
poles
tropics harbor mire/less species than temperate or polar areas
more
latitudinal range of tropics
23.5 degreees N to 23.5 degrees S
columbia located near ___ has nearly 1400 species of birds
equator
____ located near equator has nearly 1400 species of birds
columba
columbia located near equator has nearly ___ species of birds
1400
columbia located near equator has nearly 1400 species of ___
birds
___ at 41 degree N has 105 species of birds
New york
New york at _____ has 105 species of birds
41 degree N
New york at 41 degree N has 105 species of ___
birds
New york at 41 degree N has ___ species of birds
105
____ at 71 degree N has 56 species of birds
greenland
Greeenland at _____ has 56 species of birds
71 degree N
Greeenland at 71 degree N has ___ species of birds
56
Greeenland at 71 degree N has 56 species of ___
birds
India has most of its land area in the __ latitides
tropical
how many species of birds does india have
1200
give two forests in tropical region
Equador
amazon forest
equador is a forest in the __ region
tropical
how many times more vascular plant species does Equador have than Midwest
10 times more
what species is 10 times more in equadoe than in midwest
vascular plant species
a forest in the temperate region
Midwest
Midwest is in the
USA
The amazonian forest is in
South America
which forest has the greatest biodiversity on earth
amazon forest
how many species of plants does amazon forest have
more than 40,000
how many species of fishes does amazon forest have
30,000
how many species of birds does amazon forest have
1300
how many species of mammals does amazon forest have
427
how many species of amphibians does amazon forest have
427
how many species of reptiles does amazon forest have
378
how many species of invertebrates does amazon forest have
more than 1,25,000
how many species of insects are waiting to be discovered in amazon forest
atleast 2 million
speciation is generally a function of
time
Which latitude have been remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years
Tropical
Which region is subjected to frequent glaciations
Temperate
Which latitude had a long evolutionary time for species diversification
Tropical
Tropical environments unlike temperate are less ___, relatively more ___ and ___
Seasonal
Constant
Predictable
What type of environments promote niche and specialisation and lead ro a greater species diversity
Constant environment
There is more ___ ___ available in the tropics
Solar energy
There is more/less solr energy available in the tropics than in temperate
More
There is more solar energy available in the ___ than in ____
Tropics
Temperate
What contributes to higher productivity
More solar energy
Alexander von Humboldt observed species area diversity during his explorations in
South american jungles
Who observed species area relationship
Alexander von Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt was a __ and ___
German naturalist and geographer
What did Alexander von Humboldt observed
Within a region, species richness increased with increased explored area, but only upto a limit.
Which taxa had a rectangular hyperbola when species richness and area was plotted (4)
Angiosperms
Birds
Bats
Freshwater fishes
The shape of graph of species area relationship is
Rectangular hyperbola
Species area relationship when plotted with ligarithmic scale, what was its shape
Straight line
The straight line of species area relationship graph is described by which equation
logS = logC + Z logA
What is ‘Z’ in the equation of species area relationship
Slope of line
Regression coefficient
Slope of the straight line in species area relationship graph is
Z
Value of Z lies in the range
0.1 to 0.2
Does Z depend on the taxonomic group or the region
No
The range of value of Z is 0.1 to 0.2 regardless of the
taxonomic group or the region
For species area relationship of larger areas like the continents, the slope of the line becomes much
Steeper
For very large areas, value of Z ranges between
0.6 to 1.2
What is Z value for frugivorous birds and mammals in the tropical forests of different continents.
1.15
____ and ___ in the tropical forests of different continents have a Z value of 1.15
Frugivorius birds and mammals
Frugivorous birds and mammals in the ____ forests of different continents have a Z value of 1.15
Tropical
The term biodiversity coined by
W.G rosen
Genetic diversity maybe at the levels of __, __ and __
Genes, alleles or chromosomes
What are the two significances of genetic diversity
Genetic diversity leads to more stable community
Genetic diversity leads to specieation.i.e., origin of new species - basic step in evolution
More species diversity shows more/less interspecific competition
More
