Microbes Flashcards
In most plant infecting virus, RNA is the genetic material. Give exception
Cauliflower mosaic virus. dsDNA
What is the shape of adenovirus
Polyhedral
Genetic material of pox virus
Dna
Genetic material of hepatitis b
Dna
Genetic material of adenovirus
Dna
Adenovirus causes ___ infection
Respiratory
Most animal infecting virus have dna. Give exception
ssRNA:- HIV Influenza virus Polio virus Rabbis virus Retrovirus
dsRNA:-
Reo virus
Wound tumor virus
Phycomycetes with Cellulosic cell wall called
Oomycetes
Phycomycetes with chitinous cell wall called
Zygomycetes
Asexual spores of Phycomycetes (3)
Zoospore
Aplanospore
Sporangiospore
Sexual spores of Phycomycetes (2)
Oospore
Zygospore
Asexual reproduction of ascomycetes is through
Conidiospore
Budding in yeast
Sexual reproduction of Ascomycetes is through
Ascospore formation
Primary mycelium of Basidiomycetes is
Haploid
Secondary mycelium of Basidiomycetes is
Dikaryotic
n+n fertilisation is seen in
Basidiomycetes
Sexual spore of basidiomycetes
Basidiospore
How many spores does septa of basidiomycetes have. There are therefore called
Two. Doliporous
How many spores does septa of deutereomycetes have.
One
Asexual spore of deuteromycetes
Conidiospore
In bacteria infecting virus, what is the hereditary material. Give eg for such virus
dsDNA
T2
T4
Lambdaphages
Chrysanthimum stunt disease caused by
Viroids
Genetic material of viroid
ssRNA
Prions are ___ particles
Glycoprotein
Prion can act as catalyst to convert __ to __
Normal protein to prion state
Accumulation of __ causes neural degeneration
Prions
Kuru disease caused by
Prions
Scrapie disease of sheep caused by
Prions
What causes coagulation or curdling of milk proteins
Acids produced by fermentation
Give three eg for lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Streptococcus thermophilus
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Streptococcus lactis
Acids produced by LAB can fully/partially digest the milk proteins
Partially
Yogurt is formed by exposing thickened milk to which two bacteria
Streptococcus thermophilus
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Streptococcus thermophilus
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Both of them ferment ___ present in milk into ___
Lactose to lctic acid
Which bacteria contributes aromatics responsible for imparting flavour to the yogurt
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
In cheese making, coagulation is affected by the addition of protease __ or by the action of ___( especially __ and __
Rennin
LAB
Streptococcus lactis and S.cremoris
Coagulation allows the separation of
Semi solid curd from the liquid whey
Blue cheese is
Roquefort cheese
King of cheese is
Roquefort cheese
Roquefort cheese is made from
Sheep milk
Camembert cheese ripened by
Penicilline camemberti
Roquefort cheese ripened by
Penicilline roqueforti
Cheddar cheese is ripened by using
Bacillus amyloliquifaciens
Enzymes involved in cheese production are (4)
Lactase
Lipase
Rennin
Chymosin
Bakers yeast and brewers yeast are different strains of same species of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
In bread making __ conditions are favoures
Aerobic
Why is aerobic conditions favoured in bread making
So that dough is converted all the way to co2 rather than to alcohol
Tge unfermented toddy is called
Neera
Fish and soyabean fermented using
Lactobacillus
Bamboo shoot tip fermented using
Streptococcus
Enzymes involved in beverage production (3)
Maltase
Amylase
Zymase
The term antibiotic coined by ___ after isolation of ___ from ___ done in the year__
Waksman
Streptomycin
Streptomysin griseus
1944
Waksman got nobel prize in which year
1952
While working on which bacteria, alexander fleming discovered penicillium notatum
Staphylococcal bacteria
Full potential of penicillium established by
Earnest chain and howard florey
Flemming, chain, florey got nobel prize in which year
1945
What are flocs
Masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures
What is BOD
Amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water were to be oxidised by bacteria
As BOD decrease, organic matters in the sewage ____
Decreases
Greater the BOD, more is its __
Polluting potential
Gases produced by the bacteria in anaerobic sludge digesters
Methane
H2S
Co2
Gases that form the biogas
Methane
H2S
Co2
Certain bacteria which grow anaerobically on cellulosic material, produce large amounts of
Methane
Co2 and h2
The bacterium that is commonly found in tge anaerobic sludge during sewage treatemnet
Methanobacterium
How much feet deep is the concrete tank used in biogas plant
10-15
Technology of biogas production was developed in india due to the efforts of __ and __
IARI and KVIC
Full form of KVIC
Khadi and village industries commission
___ species are free living fungi that are commonly seen in root ecosystems
Trichoderma
Trichoderma species are ____ that are commonly seen in root ecosystems
Free living fungi
Trichoderma species are free living fungi that are commonly seen in ___ ecosystems
Root
Majority of baculoviruses used as biocontrol agents are in the genus
Nucleopolyhedrovirus
___ are excellent species-specific narrow spectrum insecticides
Nucleopolyhedrovirus
Main sources of biofertilizers (3)
Bacteria
Fungi
Cyanobacteria
Give one eg for a symbiotic bacteria used for biofeetiliser
Rhizobium
Give two eg for free living N fixing bacteria
Azospirillum
Azotobacter
Many members of the genus ___ for mycorrhiza
Glomus
Fungal symbiont of mycorrhiza absorbs ___ from soil and passes it to plant
Phosphorous
Plants having mycorrhizal association have three additional advantages. What are they
Resistance to root borne pathogens
Tolerance to salinity and drought
Overall increase in plant growth and dev.
In paddy fields, ___ serves as an important biofertilizer
Cyanobacteria