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Pharmacology Exam 1 > Principles of Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Principles of Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Common organisms in alcoholics

A

Strep pneumonia, klebsiella pneumonia, staph aureus

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2
Q

Common organism in post-viral infections

A

staph aureus

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3
Q

Which bacteria does not have a cell wall?

A

mycoplasma

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4
Q

What are the atypical organisms?

A

Chlamydia, Legionella and Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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5
Q

What are some common anaerobes?

A

Bacteroides, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Lactobacillus

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6
Q

What are the encapsulated bacteria?

A

Strep pneumo
h.influenza
klebsiella
neisseria

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7
Q

cellulitis (staph aureus or epidermidis)

A

DOC - dicloxacillin (allergy - clindamycin)

alt. cephalexin

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8
Q

cellulitis (strep pyogenes)

A

DOC - PCN (allergy - erythromycin)

alt. cephalexin

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9
Q

diarrhea - bacillus cereus

A 
food poisoning (reheated fried rice)
Tx: supportive
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10
Q

diarrhea - campylobacter jejuni

A

fecal-oral (contaminated water) or unpasterized milk

DOC - azithromycin

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11
Q

diarrhea - clostridium botulinum

A

honey (young kids), canned foods

Tx: trivalent antitoxin

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12
Q

diarrhea - c.diff

A

nosocomial or abx associated

DOC - metronidazole or oral vanc

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13
Q

bloody diarrhea - e.coli

A

uncooked beef

Tx: supportive

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14
Q

diarrhea - enterotoxigenic e.coli

A

“traveler’s diarrhea” due to production of toxins

DOC - fluoroquinolones

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15
Q

bloody diarrhea - shigella

A

DOC - AMP

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16
Q

“rice water diarrhea” (vibrio cholorae)

A

contaminated water and seafood
Tx: fluid, glucose + Na (gatorade)
DOC - doxyclycline or fluoroquinolone

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17
Q

diarrhea - CMV

A

immunocompromised

DOC - ganciclovir

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18
Q

diarrhea - Norwalk virus

A

cruise ships, spreads fast!

Tx: supportive

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19
Q

diarrhea - rotovirus

A

children
Rotazyme test
Tx: fluids +/-nitazoxanide (antiprotazoal)

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20
Q

diarrhea - salmonella

A

raw poultry, eggs, meats

DOC - AMX

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21
Q

diarrhea - giardia lamblia

A

protozoa
day care, hikers, anal-oral MSM
check stool antigen
DOC - tinidazole or nitazoxanide

22
Q

diarrhea - enterobius vermicularis

A

helminth
most common in US
eggs deposited outside anus (itching)
DOC - albendazole

23
Q

Most common bacteria for UTIs (ambulatory adults)

A

e.coli (up to 80%)

klebsiella/proteus (about 10%)

24
Q

What are the infections in ToRCHeS?

A

Toxoplasmosis, Other (Listeria, e.coli, GBS), Rubella, CMV, HIV, HSV type 2, Syphilis

25
Q

MRSA treatment (IV)

A

Vancomycin
Telavancin
Daptomycin
Linezolid

26
Q

MRSA treatment (PO)

A 
Minocycline
Doxycycline
TMP/SMX 
Clindamycin
Linezolid
27
Q

Pseudomonas treatment (IV)

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Ceftazidime (Fortaz) 3rd gen Ceph
Cefepime 4th gen Ceph

28
Q

Pseudomonas treatment (PO)

A

Cipro

Levo

29
Q

What are the bacteriostatic antibiotics?

A

“We’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics!”

E-mycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol

30
Q

What are the bacteriocidal antibiotics?

A

“Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder”

Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, PCN, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporin, Metronidazole

31
Q

What type of cells are needed to generate high affinity antibodies against strep pneumo?

A

helper T lymphocytes

32
Q

What drugs are used to treat atypicals?

A

Macrolides (clarithromycin…)
FQs (Azithromycin…)
Tetracyclines

33
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin with pseudomonas coverage?

A

Ceftazimine (Fortaz)

34
Q

What is the likelihood PCN allergic patients are also cross-sensitized with cephalosporins?

A

5-10%

warrants close observation or possible alternative

35
Q

Which bacteria is most commonly seen in animal bites?

A

Pasteurella multicoda

35
Q

Most common CAP?

A

Mycoplasma pneumo ( b/c feel fine and out and about)

35
Q

What is the resistance mechanism for encapsulated bacteria?

A

Capsule helps bacteria evade the immune system.

35
Q

What makes atypicals unique?

A

They are IN the cell. Don’t show up on gram stain and must use abx that penetrates.

35
Q

Strep agalactiae AKA

A

GBS (mostly babies)

35
Q

What bug is associated with infected caths and prosthesis?

A

Staph epidermidis

35
Q

What bug is associated with rigorous sex and multiple partners?

A

Staph saprophyticus

35
Q

What bug is of concern in meningitis in very young and old?

A

Listeria (add amp)

35
Q

Which bug causes “floppy baby”?

A

C. Botulinum

35
Q

Which macrolide can cause c.diff?

A

Clindamycin

35
Q

C.diff - DOC

A 
#1 metronidazole 500 mg PO TID x 3 wks (1st-2nd episode)
#2 vanc 500 mg PO QID (severe) +/- metro IV if inflamed colon or ileus
35
Q

Which abx get good intra cellular penetration?

A

Macrolides - azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin
Telithromycin
FQ
Tetracycline (doxy)

35
Q

Which bug is most common in post-viral illness?

A

Staph aureus

35
Q

Strep pneumonia AKA

A

Alpha hemolytic strep

35
Q

Strep pyogenes AKA

36
Q

4th generation cephalosporin with pseudomonas coverage

Pharmacology Exam 1 (19 decks)

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