Principles Of Heat Flashcards
What is temperature
Objective comparative of hot or cold
Absolute zero on the kelvin , Celsius and Fahrenheit
Kelvin- 0
Celsius- -273
Far- -459
Forms of energy
M. E. L. T. S Mechanical- moving parts Electricical -movement of charged particles Light- Thermal- heat energy Sound
Types of energy
Potential- in storage and waiting to be used
Kinetic- being used as an object that’s in motion
The thermal energy within an object is measures in
Joules
Another measure of heat is
Calorie
The heat energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius is
Calorie
Types of Heat transfer
Convection - transfer of thermal energy within a gas or liquid
Conduction-transfer of thermal energy by touch
Radiation- transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Examples of conduction, convection and radion,
Conduc- ice packs , hot packs , paraffin
Convec- whirlpool, fluidotherapy , blood circulation
Radiation- diathermy, laser , infrared, uv therapy
Conversion-ultrasound, diathermy
Skin blood flow is controlled by 2 neurotransmitter
Cholinergic
Noradrenergic
Types of sensory receptors in sub epithelial
Cold
Warm
Pain
Vasodilation is caused by
Release of bradykinin for relaxing smooth muscles
Muscle relaxation occurs as a result of
Decreased firing rate of
Gamma efferents and alpha motor neuron
In inflammatory phase heat isn’t used because
Heat increases blood flow into injured areas and increases the amount of swelling
Use of thermotherapy
Indication , contradiction and precautions
When to use indications thermotherapy
Subacute or chronic Limitation in rom and joint contracture Hematoma Tissue healing Before passive mobilization and exercise
What are hot packs filled with
Hydrophilic silicate or sand
70 deg-75 deg
Parafin bath technique
Immersion and glove tech
To change the state of ice to heat what energy is used
Latent heat of fusion
Most effective type of cold modality is
Ice packs
Wich of the ice technique has higher chances for frost bites
Gel packs
5 stages of cold
CPWAN
Cold. Pain. Warming. Aching. Numb.
In cold whirpool baths what is the degree of Fahrenheit for total body and extremity
Extremity-// 50-60
Total body-65-80
What is the most effective form of cryo for ligaments sprain and ankle sprain
Cytokinetics
Therapeutic cold is most effective in?
Relieving pain and inhibition in acutely injured soft tissue to facilitate active exercise
Therapeutic heat most effective in
Decreasing general soreness and prepare soft tissues for stretching and joint mobilization
Precautions in cryotherapy
Circulatory insufficiency
Cold allergy
Advanced diabetes
Precautions in thermotherapy
Pregnancy Multiple sclerosis Diabetes melitus Spinal cord injuries Rheumatoid disease
Sound waves are …….. constituting of ……. And……….
Longitudinal.. compression….. rarefraction
