Intro To Electrotherapy Flashcards
What is obtained by the addition or removal of electrons
Charge
An atom that has gained or lost an electron is
Ion
The process by which an atom or molecule acquires a negative or positive charge is
Ionization
A charge is described by its
Polarity
The net charge of an object being either negative or positive is
Polarity
What are the conductors in human body
Tissues like muscle, nerve and bodily fluid
What is an insulator in the human body
Fat
International unit for current is
Ampere
The power created by the potential difference that allows the electrons to move is
Volt
Functions of therapeutic modalities , electrotherapy or physical agents
Decrease pain, increase rom, improve tissue healing and improve muscle activation
What is the main objective of electrotherapy
Stimulate the stimulated muscle and nerve cells
The movement of charged particles causes
Micro vibration
The rate at which ac switches current is termed
Frequency
The electrical potential difference between inside and outside of the nerve cell is
Membrane resting potential
To create an action potential in the nerve what should be done to the nerve membrane
Stimulate it
The ignition of muscle fibers can be increased in two ways
Spatial and temporal
Spatial recruitment has to do with
Number of active muscle fibers
Application area dependent ignition depends is possible by increasing
Current intensity
Time ignition is adjusted with
Frequency
The result If there’s a low intensity and high frequency
Strong muscle work in a limited space
Result of high intensity and low frequency
Light muscle work in large area
Types of pain theories
Specific
Pattern
Gate control theory
If sensory impulses are equivalent to pain then
The feeling of pain is reduced and Vice versa
In gate control theory… pain simulation is carried by
Small slow fibers
…..,,transmits impulses from….. to .,…
T-cells .. spinal cord to brain
Location of T cells
Special area of spinal cord called
Substantial gelatinosa
What fibers can prohibit the impulses from small fibers from communicating with the brain
Large fibers
Factors influencing opening and closing of gate
Amount of activity of pain fibers
………,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,of other peripheral nerves
Messages that decend from the brain
What fibers carry mild stimulation
Peripheral fibers
Effects that occur endorphinically
Overall effect.. increased endorphin production by stimulation pf A fibers
Local effecr…. Increase in blood flow
Bio psychosocial pain model involves
Biological
Phsycological
Social factors
What issues should be considered to prevent burns
Type of current applied
Electrode permeability
Skin resistance
In ac and dc the risk is what
High at low D.C.
