PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT V.1 Flashcards
- Developmental psychologists are usually concerned with the changes in behavior over life span.
- Concentrate on how an individual who is constantly changing reacts to the many changes in an ever-changing environment.
- Purpose: helping individuals to develop their potential to the fullest.
THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE
An interdisciplinary study of the hereditary and environmental factors/forces involves in the individual growth from conception to death
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Father of Human Development
STANLEY HALL
process that produces a progressive series of changes that are orderly and coherent which lead to and end with maturity
NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT
changes in bodily appearance and structure with changes in bodily activities like motor skills
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
changes in social and emotional aspects of personality
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
changes in the thought processes that could affect language, learning abilities and memory
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
3 MAJOR PATHS OF DEVELOPMENT
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
progressive series of changes leading to improvement like
those changes in kind that distinguish an infant who have underdeveloped motor skill from a baby who can walk already
QUALITATIVE CHANGES
measurable changes in an individual like changes in height, body proportion
QUANTITATIVE CHANGES
2 FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT
1) HEREDITY
2) ENVIRONMENT
process whereby traits of parents are handed down to their offspring via the genes
HEREDITY
refers to all forces that affect man, like physical forces, natural forces, and the social forces
ENVIRONMENT
They are thread like or rope like bodies that
contain the genes, they are usually in pairs, if not, this can result to chromosomal aberration
and abnormalities of some kind
CHROMOSOMES
NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES
23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES
46 IN TOTAL
real bearers of hereditary traits.
GENES
CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMOSOMES
AUTOSOMES/TRAIT CHROMOSOMES
GONOSOMES/SEX CHROMOSOMES
are strong genes, will always be manifested in offsprings
DOMINANT GENES
are weak genes, can only be manifested if paired with another gene of its kind
RECESSIVE GENES
The sex of the offspring depends on the pairing of the sex chromosomes from the mother and father. If the zygote or fertilized egg receives an X from its mother and another X from its father, the offspring will be a girl. If the zygote receives an X from the mother and Y from the father, the
offspring is a boy
SEX DETERMINATION
states that “Like begets like”, where human individuals will reproduce their own kind
PRINCIPLE OF REPRODUCTION
states that “NO” two individuals of any kind are exactly “alike” even identical twins have mild differences like one could be slightly taller than the other
PRINCIPLE OF VARIATIONS
determines the presence of similarities and differences
among family members
PRINCIPLES OF DOMINANCE AND RECESSIVENESS
within the limits of potential traits transmissible by heredity, chance plays a significant role in making absolute prediction almost possible
PRINCIPLE OF CHANCE
these sex linked traits are carried by the same genes that
determine sex. Furthermore, these sex linked traits are carried by women, but usually suffered by most men. For instance, baldness, color blindness, and hemophilia are
PRINCIPLE OF SEX LINKED CHARACTERISTICS
the appearance in general like facial features, complexion, height, and body built. Physical defects and physical diseases are also included
PHYSICAL TRAITS
examples are IQ level, some cases of mental retardation, and predisposition to mental disorder
MENTAL TRAITS
like artistic, literary, athletic, musical and numerical talents.
SPECIAL TALENTS/ABILITIES
