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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY > BRIEF HISTORY OF NOTABLE PIONEERS > Flashcards

BRIEF HISTORY OF NOTABLE PIONEERS Flashcards

1
Q

it is the gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man

A

ANIMISM

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2
Q

theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system

A

DEMOCRITUS (GREEK PERIOD)

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3
Q

Believed that the soul is distinct to man and it is God-given.

A

PLATO (428-347) BCE (GREEK PERIOD)

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4
Q

3 DISTINCT ELEMENTS OF PLATO

A

1) ELEMENT OF REASON (MIND)
2) ELEMENT OF SPIRITED (HEART)
3) ELEMENT OF BODILY APPETITE AND DESIRES (DIAPHRAGM)

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5
Q

Father of Psychology because he is the first person to put into writing his explanation pertaining the behavior of man.

A

ARISTOTLE (383-322) BCE (GREEK PERIOD)

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6
Q

3 FUNCTIONS OF THE SOUL BY ARISTOTLE

A

1) VEGETATIVE
2) APPETITIVE
3) RATIONAL

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7
Q

Father of the Medicine. First theorized that mental disorders arose from natural sources. First to classify different mental disorders during the classical period.

A

HIPPOCRATES (GREEK PERIOD)

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8
Q

Theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors. Behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body or the bile

A

GALEN (GREEK PERIOD)

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9
Q

YELLOW

A

CHEERFULNESS–SANGUINE

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10
Q

RED

A

IRASCIBILITY–CHOLERIC

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11
Q

GREEN

A

SLUGGISHNESS–PHLEGMATIC

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12
Q

BLACK

A

SADNESS–MELANCHOLIC

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13
Q

introduced the method of introspection (individual tries to describe his own conscious processes)

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO (MEDIEVAL PERIOD)

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13
Q

belief that when the body dies, the soul separates and becomes a spirit

A

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (MEDIEVAL PERIOD)

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14
Q

often attributed for the initial use of the term “psychology” in his writing “Yucologia hoc est de hominis perfectione, anima, ortu

A

RUDOLF GOCKEL (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

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15
Q

first proposed that psychology should separate from philosophy and psychology should be treated as a natural science-NATURALISM

A

FRANCIS BACON (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

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16
Q

introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact.

A

RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) PRE-MODERN PERIOD

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17
Q

PHYSICAL OR MATERIAL ENTITY

A

BODY

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18
Q

SPIRITUAL ENTITY

A

MIND

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19
Q

discomforts/pains must be overcome

A

THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

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20
Q

Tabula Rasa- mind Blank tablet/slate- that gathers its contents through the experiences that an individual will have in his entire life.

A

JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

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21
Q

is the one responsible for making psychology as a science

A

JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART (1816)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

22
Q

the idea of an individual becomes true only to himself because this is the level of knowledge that he believes in

A

GEORGE BERKELEY (1709)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

23
Q

had his theory of reality

A

CHRISTIAN VON WOLFF
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

24
Q

TWO PARTS OF REALITY

A

ONTOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS

25
Q

TREATS POSSIBLE THINGS

A

ONTOLOGY

26
Q

TREATS ACTUAL THINGS

A

METAPHYSICS

27
Q

3 SPECIAL SUBJECT OF THE UNIVERSE

A

THE UNIVERSE, SOUL, AND GOD

28
Q

gave the difference between impressions and ideas, between created images and direct sensation

A

DAVID HUME (1748)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

29
Q

utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing hysteria, which evolved to hypnosis

A

FRANZ ANTON MESMER (1774)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

30
Q

stated that the mind is not blank, but rather the mind is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences

A

IMMANUEL KANT (1782)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

31
Q

made the theory of color vision

A

HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ (1856)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

32
Q

introduced the theory of evolution; introduced the concept of natural selection

A

CHARLES DARWIN (1859)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

33
Q

had an insight that the law of the connection between the mind and the body can be found in a statement of quantitative relation between mental sensation and material stimulus

A

GUSTAV FECHNER (1860)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

34
Q

observed that the persons who suffered from damage to a specific area of the brain’s left hemisphere may lose their ability to speak fluently

A

PAUL BROCA (1861)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

35
Q

pioneered areas about the ideas that is necessary to be stimulated in order to be able to gain sensation

A

ERNST WEBER (1817)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

36
Q

father of behavioral genetics

A

FRANCIS GALTON (1865)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)

37
Q

established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. He is interested in studying mental life and conscious experience – how we form sensations, images, and feelings

A

WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

38
Q

founder of American Psychology, met with Wilhelm Wundt and went to publish a two-volume book entitled, Principles of Psychology

A

WILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

39
Q

first to formally describe bipolar behavior. “manic depressive”- explain how mania and depression both affect the patient

A

EMIL KRAEPLIN (1856-1926)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

40
Q

Father of modern/scientific psychology- 1879

A

WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

41
Q

Father of Modern Psychiatry

A

EMIL KRAEPLIN (1856-1926)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

42
Q

studied under Wilhelm Wundt and went on to develop the idea of Structuralism

A

EDWARD BRAFFORD TITCHENER (1867-1927)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)

43
Q

father of psychoanalysis, talk therapy

A

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

44
Q

developed his theory of the origin of neurosis

A

CARL JUNG

45
Q

conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man’s existence

A

ALFRED ADLER

46
Q

made a theory that human beings have the “basic need for love and security”. She stated that humans tend to feel anxious or agitated when they are alienated or isolated

A

KAREN HORNEY

47
Q

major contribution to psychology through the statistical evaluation of human behavior. Apart from correlational analysis, Pearson developed the chi-squared statistic with intellectual encouragement of Galton.

A

KARL PEARSON

48
Q

first systematic psychometrician” and father of classical test theory- pioneered the statistical technique called factor analysis and was able to discover a general factor(g) in correlations among mental tests.

A

CHARLES SPEARMAN

49
Q

developed the First Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test

A

ALFRED BINET AND THEODORE SIMON

50
Q

first experimental model of learning, Classical Conditioning

A

IVAN PAVLOV

51
Q

“father of educational psychology”

A

EDWARD THORNDIKE

52
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

B.F. SKINNER

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (20 decks)

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