BRIEF HISTORY OF NOTABLE PIONEERS Flashcards
it is the gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man
ANIMISM
theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system
DEMOCRITUS (GREEK PERIOD)
Believed that the soul is distinct to man and it is God-given.
PLATO (428-347) BCE (GREEK PERIOD)
3 DISTINCT ELEMENTS OF PLATO
1) ELEMENT OF REASON (MIND)
2) ELEMENT OF SPIRITED (HEART)
3) ELEMENT OF BODILY APPETITE AND DESIRES (DIAPHRAGM)
Father of Psychology because he is the first person to put into writing his explanation pertaining the behavior of man.
ARISTOTLE (383-322) BCE (GREEK PERIOD)
3 FUNCTIONS OF THE SOUL BY ARISTOTLE
1) VEGETATIVE
2) APPETITIVE
3) RATIONAL
Father of the Medicine. First theorized that mental disorders arose from natural sources. First to classify different mental disorders during the classical period.
HIPPOCRATES (GREEK PERIOD)
Theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors. Behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body or the bile
GALEN (GREEK PERIOD)
YELLOW
CHEERFULNESS–SANGUINE
RED
IRASCIBILITY–CHOLERIC
GREEN
SLUGGISHNESS–PHLEGMATIC
BLACK
SADNESS–MELANCHOLIC
introduced the method of introspection (individual tries to describe his own conscious processes)
ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO (MEDIEVAL PERIOD)
belief that when the body dies, the soul separates and becomes a spirit
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (MEDIEVAL PERIOD)
often attributed for the initial use of the term “psychology” in his writing “Yucologia hoc est de hominis perfectione, anima, ortu
RUDOLF GOCKEL (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
first proposed that psychology should separate from philosophy and psychology should be treated as a natural science-NATURALISM
FRANCIS BACON (PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact.
RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) PRE-MODERN PERIOD
PHYSICAL OR MATERIAL ENTITY
BODY
SPIRITUAL ENTITY
MIND
discomforts/pains must be overcome
THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
Tabula Rasa- mind Blank tablet/slate- that gathers its contents through the experiences that an individual will have in his entire life.
JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
is the one responsible for making psychology as a science
JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART (1816)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
the idea of an individual becomes true only to himself because this is the level of knowledge that he believes in
GEORGE BERKELEY (1709)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
had his theory of reality
CHRISTIAN VON WOLFF
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
TWO PARTS OF REALITY
ONTOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS
TREATS POSSIBLE THINGS
ONTOLOGY
TREATS ACTUAL THINGS
METAPHYSICS
3 SPECIAL SUBJECT OF THE UNIVERSE
THE UNIVERSE, SOUL, AND GOD
gave the difference between impressions and ideas, between created images and direct sensation
DAVID HUME (1748)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing hysteria, which evolved to hypnosis
FRANZ ANTON MESMER (1774)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
stated that the mind is not blank, but rather the mind is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences
IMMANUEL KANT (1782)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
made the theory of color vision
HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ (1856)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
introduced the theory of evolution; introduced the concept of natural selection
CHARLES DARWIN (1859)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
had an insight that the law of the connection between the mind and the body can be found in a statement of quantitative relation between mental sensation and material stimulus
GUSTAV FECHNER (1860)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
observed that the persons who suffered from damage to a specific area of the brain’s left hemisphere may lose their ability to speak fluently
PAUL BROCA (1861)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
pioneered areas about the ideas that is necessary to be stimulated in order to be able to gain sensation
ERNST WEBER (1817)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
father of behavioral genetics
FRANCIS GALTON (1865)
(PRE-MODERN PERIOD)
established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. He is interested in studying mental life and conscious experience – how we form sensations, images, and feelings
WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)
founder of American Psychology, met with Wilhelm Wundt and went to publish a two-volume book entitled, Principles of Psychology
WILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)
first to formally describe bipolar behavior. “manic depressive”- explain how mania and depression both affect the patient
EMIL KRAEPLIN (1856-1926)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)
Father of modern/scientific psychology- 1879
WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)
Father of Modern Psychiatry
EMIL KRAEPLIN (1856-1926)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)
studied under Wilhelm Wundt and went on to develop the idea of Structuralism
EDWARD BRAFFORD TITCHENER (1867-1927)
(MODERN PSYCHOLOGY)
father of psychoanalysis, talk therapy
SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
developed his theory of the origin of neurosis
CARL JUNG
conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man’s existence
ALFRED ADLER
made a theory that human beings have the “basic need for love and security”. She stated that humans tend to feel anxious or agitated when they are alienated or isolated
KAREN HORNEY
major contribution to psychology through the statistical evaluation of human behavior. Apart from correlational analysis, Pearson developed the chi-squared statistic with intellectual encouragement of Galton.
KARL PEARSON
first systematic psychometrician” and father of classical test theory- pioneered the statistical technique called factor analysis and was able to discover a general factor(g) in correlations among mental tests.
CHARLES SPEARMAN
developed the First Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test
ALFRED BINET AND THEODORE SIMON
first experimental model of learning, Classical Conditioning
IVAN PAVLOV
“father of educational psychology”
EDWARD THORNDIKE
Operant Conditioning
B.F. SKINNER
