Principles of Growth and Development pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

-beginning intention of behavior is present
- pleasure is gained through repetition of the
behavior.
- begins to be aware of the environment as
the infant begins to connect cause and
effect.
- learns from unintentional behavior.

A

Primary Circular Reaction (1-4 mos.)

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2
Q

entirely reflexive

A

Neonatal reflexes (0-1 mo.)

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3
Q

-memory traces are present and anticipates
familiar events
- can plan activities to attain specific goals
- Object Permanence – the knowledge that
something continues to exist even when out
of sight, begins when the infant remembers
where a hidden object is likely to be found; it
is no longer “out of sight, out of mind.”

A

Secondary Circular Reaction (4-8 mos.)

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4
Q
  • recognizes shapes and sizes, imitates others.
    increased sense of separateness
    *experimentation and exploration
    predominate as the toddler tries out
    actions to learn results
    *capable of space perception, time
    perception, and permanence
A

Coordination of Secondary
Schemes (8-12 mos.)

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5
Q

-object permanence now FULLY DEVELOPED

A

Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 mos.)

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6
Q

language provides a new tool for the toddler
to use in understanding the world.
- uses memory and imitation to act
- Initiates when model is out of sight.
- can solve basic problems

A

Mental Combination
(18-24 mos.)

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7
Q
  • vocabulary and comprehension increase
    greatly but child is egocentric thinking is
    basically concrete and literal
  • static thinking
  • no awareness of reversibility
  • concept of time is now, concept of distance
    is as far as he / she can see
A

Preconceptual (2-4 yrs.)

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8
Q

-child relies on transductive reasoning
- thinks of one idea at a time
- words express thought

A

Intuitive thought (4-7 yrs.)

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9
Q
  • concept of “conservation” is learned
  • child can reason quite well if concrete
  • objects are used in teaching or
    experimentation
  • aware of reversibility and decentering
  • begins to understand relationships
A

Concrete operational (7-11 yrs)

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10
Q
  • adult like thinking
  • fully mature intellectual thought is attained
  • uses rational thinking
  • reasoning is deductive and futuristic
A

FORMAL OPERATIONAL (11 yrs. adulthood)

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11
Q

-externally established rules
determine right or wrong
actions
- egocentric focus

A

PRECONVENTIONAL

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12
Q

fear of punishment is reason for conformity /
behavior

A

Punishment and Obedience Orientation (2-3 yrs.)

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13
Q

-concerns with
maintaining expectations and rules of family,
group, or society
– societal focus

A

CONVENTIONAL

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14
Q

-conformity is based on egocentric and
narcissistic needs
– instrumental purpose and exchange

A

Instrumental Relativist Orientation (4-7 yrs)

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15
Q

-lives autonomously and defines moral values and principles that are distinct from personal identification with group
values
– universal focus

A

POSTCONVENTIONAL

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16
Q

maintenance of social order, fixed rules and
authority

A

Law-and-Order Orientation (10-12 yrs)

17
Q

believes a higher moral principle
applies and not only social rules

A

Social Contract Logistic Orientation (older than 12)

18
Q

decision and behaviors are based on internalized rules and on self-chosen
ethical and abstract principles that are
universal, consistent, and comprehensive

A

Universal Ethical Principle Orientation (older than 12)

19
Q

learn to walk, to take solid food, control
elimination of body wastes, sex difference, sexual
modesty, relate emotionally to parents, siblings &
others, to distinguish right from wrong (develop
conscience); achieve physiological stability, from
physical & social concepts of reality.

A

Infancy & Early Childhood

20
Q

Learn physical skills necessary for ordinary
games, to get along with age mates’ appropriate masculine and feminine social role; develop wholesome attitude toward self, skills in reading,
writing, calculating, concepts necessary for everyday living, morality, values, personal
independence.

A

Middle Childhood

21
Q

Achieve mature relationship with peers of both
sexes, masculine/feminine social role,
acceptance of one’s body image, emotional
independence of parents and others adults
economic independence, selection and
preparation for marriage and family life,

A

Adolescence

22
Q

Select a mate; learn to live with significant others;
start family; rear children; manage a home; begin
occupation; assume civic responsibility; identify
with a social group.

A

Early Adulthood

23
Q

Achieve adult civic & social responsibility;
establish & maintain an economic standard of
living; assist children to become responsible;
happy adults; develop leisure activities; relate to
spouse on a more intense basis; accept & adjust
to physiological changes of middle age; adjust to
accept own aging parents.

A

Middle Age

24
Q

Middle Age

A

Middle Age