Principles Of Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

genes

Answer 1

are segments of DNA in a

chromosome

Question 2

locus

Answer 2

specific place of gene on chromosome

Question 3

Chromatid

Answer 3

is one of two identical copies of a

chromosome

Question 4

centromere

Answer 4

connects identical sister

chromatids

Question 5

telomere

Answer 5

is a region at the end of a

chromosome for stability

Question 6

somatic cells

Answer 6

-diploid and differentiated

Question 7

homologous chromosomes

Answer 7

-refer to pairs of chromosomes

Question 8

autosomes

Answer 8

– chromosomes common in
both genders
– one from each parent (X and Y)

Question 9

karyotype

Answer 9

Entire set of a patient’s chromosomes

-presented as single condensed or duplicated chromosome

Question 10

lyonization

Answer 10

is called
X-inactivation. The
choice of which X
chromosome to be
inactivated is random (calico cat)

Question 11

mosaicism

Answer 11

is a condition in which cells from a patient have
different genotypes (& karyotypes)

Question 12

downs syndrome

Answer 12

-some 46XX some 47 XX + 21

Question 13

klinefelter syndrome

Answer 13

some 46 xy some 47 XXY

Question 14

Turner syndrome

Answer 14

some 46 XX some 45 XO

Question 15

Mitosis- interphase

Answer 15

chromosome duplication

Question 16

mitosis- cell division

Answer 16

one copy of each chromosome (chromatid)
and 1⁄2 of the cytoplasm/organelles are distributed
between the two daughter cells

Question 17

stem cells

Answer 17

undergo mitosis, but divide asymmetrically,

resulting in one stem cell, and one daughter cell

Question 18

meiosis

Answer 18

reduces the total
number of chromosomes by
half, producing four gametes
(haploid)
-occurs in germ line cells

Question 19

homologous recombination

Answer 19

• occurs in meiosis

- produces new combos of genes

Question 20

what does meiosis consist of?

Answer 20

– one round of
DNA replication
– two rounds of
nuclear
divisions

Question 21

in which 2 ways does meiosis create genetic diversity?

Answer 21

– Random segregation
of homologs
– Cross-over exchange
(homologous
recombination)

Question 22

euploid

Answer 22

Cells with a normal number of chromosomes

Question 23

polyploidy

Answer 23

presence of a complete set of extra chromosomes in a
cells
-often seen in plants

Question 24

aneuploidy

Answer 24

Cells with a missing or additional individual
chromosomes
-monosmy and trisomy

Question 25

how do you get aneuploidy?

Answer 25

non-disjunction

Question 26

translocation

Answer 26

non homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

Question 27

reciprocal translocation

Answer 27

an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes - Philadelphia chromosome

Question 28

roberstsonian translocation

Answer 28

long arm of 2 acrocentric chromosomes combined, short arm typically lost -leads to someone being translocation carrier

Question 29

turner syndrome

Answer 29

``` 45, XO karyotype female- no Y -short stature -infertile normal intelligence ```