Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo > Principles of Endocrinology > Flashcards

Principles of Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

what type of secretion mechanism?

signal reaches often-distant targets after transport in blood

A
  • endocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of secretion mechanism?

secretion through ducts to an epithelial surface

A
  • exocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of secretion mechanism?

signal reaches neighboring cells via the interstitial fluid

A
  • paracrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of secretion mechanism?

signal acts on the cell that synthesized the signal

A
  • autocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of secretion mechanism?

signal acts within the same cell that synthesized the siganl

A
  • intracrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

peptide and protein hormone synthesis involves a ______

A
  • preprohormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

peptide and protein hormone synthesis

the initial amino-terminus 5-30 amino acid sequence is essential as a signal peptide to do what

A
  • dock the ribosome/mRNA complex to the RER

- bind the signal recognition particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

peptide and protein hormone synthesis

the pro hormone is package into carrier vesicles and moved into where

A
  • cis side of Golgi apparatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

peptide and protein hormone synthesis

pro hormones are sorted to ____ within the Golgi apparatus

which emerge on which side of the Golgi

A
  • secretory vesicles

- trans side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peptide and protein hormone synthesis

secretory vesicles are storied until the appropriate time for release via exocytosis in response to an influx of ____

A
  • Ca2+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

examples of peptide hormones

A
  • ACTH
  • insulin
  • growth hormone
  • glucagon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

catecholamines derive from what amino acid

A
  • tyrosine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

synthesis of catecholamines

A
  • tyrosine
  • L-Dopa (tyrosine hydroxylase)
  • Dopamine (dopa decarboxylase)
  • Norepinephrine (dopamine beta hydroxyls)
  • Epinephrine (PNMT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

catecholamines behave like what kind of hormones

A
  • peptide or protein hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thyroid hormones derive from which amino acid

A
  • tyrosine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thyroid hormone behave like what kind of hormones

A
  • steroid hormones
17
Q

examples of steroid hormones

A
  • cortisol
  • aldosterone
  • testosterone
  • estradiol
18
Q

_____ is the precursor for all steroid hormones

A
  • cholesterol
19
Q

synthesis of steroid hormones

cholesterol enters the cytosol from ______ and diffuses into _____

A
  • lipid droplets

- diffuses into mitochondria and SER

20
Q

synthesis of steroid hormones

_____ acts on cholesterol to synthesize steroid hormones

A
  • P450 enzymes
21
Q

synthesis of steroid hormones

adrenal cortex makes which hormones

A
  • cortisol
  • aldosterone
  • androgens (DHEA and adrostenedione)
22
Q

synthesis of steroid hormones

gonads and adipose tissue make

A
  • estrogen/progesterone

- testosterone

23
Q

synthesis of steroid hormones is regulated by the

A
  • anterior pituitary
24
Q

synthesis of steroid hormones

intermediary products shuttle between ____ and _____

A
  • SER and mitochondria
25
Q

amine and peptide hormones circulate how

A
  • unbound to carrier protein
26
Q

steroids and thyroid hormone circulate how

A
  • bind to binding proteins
27
Q

the stronger the binding of a carrier protein to a hormone the _____ the clearance rate of the hormone and the ____ the hormone half-life

A
  • slower

- longer

28
Q

mechanisms of action of peptide hormones

A
  • bind cell surface receptors
  • activate second messengers
  • elicit target cell response
29
Q

mechanisms of action of steroid hormones

A
  • enter target cells to bind to intracellular receptors
  • binds DNA
  • activates specific genes and protein production
30
Q

which hormone does not store its precursors

A
  • steroid
31
Q

how does a target cell respond to decreased hormone levels

A
  • increases number of receptors
32
Q

how does a target cell respond to increased hormone levels

A
  • inactivates receptors for that hormone

- increases/decreases number of receptors for another hormone at the target cell

33
Q

which peptide hormone is made in the thyroid gland

A
  • calcitonin
34
Q

insulin receptor is an example of what kind of receptor

A
  • receptor tyrosine kinase
35
Q

prolactin receptor is an example of what kind of receptor

A
  • JAK kinase
36
Q

what hormone is the exception to the “one cell one hormone” theory

A
  • GnRH (makes FSH and LH)
37
Q

___ and ____ hormone levels undergo considerable variations in blood levels throughout the day

A
  • cortisol

- growth hormone

Endo (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions