Principles of classification

Question 1

What is biodiversity?

Answer 1

A measure of the variety of living organisms and their genetic difference

Question 2

How do scientists classify organisms?

Answer 2

Classifying the living world, putting organisms into groups based on similarities and differences

Question 3

What do scientists do when they know the number of organisms that exist in a particular habitat?

Answer 3

They can monitor how populations change

Question 4

What is taxonomy?

Answer 4

Science of describing, classifying ans naming organisms

Question 5

What is the aim of a classification system?

Answer 5

To group organisms, in a way that accurately identifies them and represents their ancestral relationships

Question 6

How did people based on Greek philosopher Aristotle onwards group organisms?

Answer 6

Based on physical appearance, morphology

Question 7

How else did they classify organisms?

Answer 7

Analogous

Question 8

Define analogous

Answer 8

Features that look similar or have the same functikn, but are not in fact of the same biological origin

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of using an analogous system?

Answer 9

Misconceptions as u could group worms in the same group as a snake as they are all wiggly legless creatures

Question 10

How to create a valid classification?

Answer 10

Based on careful observations

And the use of homologous structure, that is structures that show common ancestry

Question 11

What are the three domains that scientists group organisms in?

Answer 11

Archae
Bacteria
Eukaryota

Question 12

What are the main taxonomic grouping: smallest to largest?

Answer 12

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (division for plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 13

What taxonomic group is archaebacteria in and explain its features?

Answer 13

Archae domain

Thought to be in harmful conditions but they are everywhere including soil

Question 14

What are the feature of the bacteria domain?

Answer 14

Causes disease
Useful in digestive system of many organisms
Recycling nutrients

Question 15

What are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?

Answer 15

Protists
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 16

What are the features of protista?

Answer 16

Group of microscopic organisms
Some heterotrophs: have to eat other organisms
Other autotrophs: have to make their own food by photosynthesis
Some animal like
Some plant like
Some fungi like

Question 17

Give examples of a protista?

Answer 17

Amoeba

Slime moulds

Question 18

What are the features of the fungi?

Answer 18

All heterotrophs
Most saprophytic
Some parasitic
They have chitin, Not cellulose in their cell walls

Question 19

What are the features of plantae?

Answer 19

Almost all autotrophs, making their own food by photosynthesis using light captured by the green pigment chlorophyll

Question 20

Give some examples of plantae

Answer 20

Mosses

Liverworts

Question 21

What are the features animalia?

Answer 21

All heterotrophs
They move their whole bodies during at least one stage of their life cycle
Some invertebrate
Some vertebrate

Question 22

What is the examples of a invertebrate?

Answer 22

Insects

Worms

Question 23

What is an example of an vertebrate?

Answer 23

Fish

Birds

Question 24

What does the binominal system give every organism?

Answer 24

2 latin names

Question 25

What is the first name in an binominal system?

Answer 25

Genus name

Upper case

Question 26

What is the second name of a binominal system?

Answer 26

Species or species name which identifies the organism precisely
Lower case

Question 27

What happens after first use of binominal system?

Answer 27

Binominal names are abbreviated to the initial of the genus and then the species name
E.g H. Sapiens