Principles of classification Flashcards
What is biodiversity?
A measure of the variety of living organisms and their genetic difference
How do scientists classify organisms?
Classifying the living world, putting organisms into groups based on similarities and differences
What do scientists do when they know the number of organisms that exist in a particular habitat?
They can monitor how populations change
What is taxonomy?
Science of describing, classifying ans naming organisms
What is the aim of a classification system?
To group organisms, in a way that accurately identifies them and represents their ancestral relationships
How did people based on Greek philosopher Aristotle onwards group organisms?
Based on physical appearance, morphology
How else did they classify organisms?
Analogous
Define analogous
Features that look similar or have the same functikn, but are not in fact of the same biological origin
What are the disadvantages of using an analogous system?
Misconceptions as u could group worms in the same group as a snake as they are all wiggly legless creatures
How to create a valid classification?
Based on careful observations
And the use of homologous structure, that is structures that show common ancestry
What are the three domains that scientists group organisms in?
Archae
Bacteria
Eukaryota
What are the main taxonomic grouping: smallest to largest?
Domain Kingdom Phylum (division for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species
What taxonomic group is archaebacteria in and explain its features?
Archae domain
Thought to be in harmful conditions but they are everywhere including soil
What are the feature of the bacteria domain?
Causes disease
Useful in digestive system of many organisms
Recycling nutrients
What are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?
Protists
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
What are the features of protista?
Group of microscopic organisms
Some heterotrophs: have to eat other organisms
Other autotrophs: have to make their own food by photosynthesis
Some animal like
Some plant like
Some fungi like
Give examples of a protista?
Amoeba
Slime moulds
What are the features of the fungi?
All heterotrophs
Most saprophytic
Some parasitic
They have chitin, Not cellulose in their cell walls
What are the features of plantae?
Almost all autotrophs, making their own food by photosynthesis using light captured by the green pigment chlorophyll
Give some examples of plantae
Mosses
Liverworts
What are the features animalia?
All heterotrophs
They move their whole bodies during at least one stage of their life cycle
Some invertebrate
Some vertebrate
What is the examples of a invertebrate?
Insects
Worms
What is an example of an vertebrate?
Fish
Birds
What does the binominal system give every organism?
2 latin names
What is the first name in an binominal system?
Genus name
Upper case
What is the second name of a binominal system?
Species or species name which identifies the organism precisely
Lower case
What happens after first use of binominal system?
Binominal names are abbreviated to the initial of the genus and then the species name
E.g H. Sapiens