Identifying Individual Species

Question 1

What does DNA sequences lead to?

Answer 1

DNA profiling

Question 2

What does DNA profiling look at?

Answer 2

The noncoding area of the DNA to identify patterns

Question 3

What can be used to identify relationships between individuals and species?

Answer 3

The similarities of patterns of the DNA in the non coding areas

Question 4

What is bioinformatics?

Answer 4

The development of the software and computing tools needed to organise and analyse raw biological data, including the development of algorithms, mathematical models and statistical tests that help us to make sense of the enormous quantities of data being generated.

Question 5

How will Bioinformatics help?

Answer 5

Help us to make sense of the enormous quantities of data being generated
We can also make sense of and use the information generated in DNA sequencing and profiling

Question 6

How did scientists used to identify species and what are their limitations and why?

Answer 6

Phenotype = difficult
As external conditions can result in differences in the appearance of individuals of the same species
So individuals in the same group may be mistaken for a different species

Question 7

What do DNA profiling, DNA sequencing, and Protein Analysis help to change?

Answer 7

Changing the way we distinguish between species and determine evolutionary relationships

Question 8

What is DNA profiling used to identify?

Answer 8

Different but closely related species

Question 9

What is DNA analysis used for?

Answer 9

Species Identification

Understanding and treatment of infections

Question 10

What is DNA barcoding for?

Answer 10

Species identification

Question 11

What does DNA barcoding involve?

Answer 11

This involves looking at short genetic sequences from a part of the genome common to particular groups of organisms

Question 12

Give an example of DNA barcoding?

Answer 12

A region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene, containing 648 bases, is being used as the standard bar code for most animal species

Question 13

What is the short genetic sequences in DNA barcoding useful for?

Answer 13

Identifying fish, bird and insects including butterflies and flies

Question 14

What is the short genetic sequences in DNA barcoding not useful for and why?

Answer 14

To identify plants because it evolves too slowly in these organisms to give sufficient difference between organisms

Question 15

How can we produce a standard barcode for plants?

Answer 15

There are two regions in the chloroplast that have been approved for use to produce a standard barcode for plants

Question 16

When barcoding organisms what is the improtant thing to do?

Answer 16

Its important to preserve every specimen used to produce the definitive bar codes for reference.

Question 17

What is Bar coding used for?

Answer 17

To support Taxonomy

Question 18

What does the CBOL project recognise about the barcode?

Answer 18

It will take a long time to bar code all the species of living organisms

Question 19

What are the advantages of tests needed to get the barcode from the DNA?

Answer 19

Fast

Cheap