Principles of Classification

Question 1

What does biodiversity mean?

Answer 1

The measure of the variety of living organisms and their genetic differences

Question 2

What is taxonomy?

Answer 2

The science of describing, classifying and naming living organisms

Question 3

What is the aim of the classification system?

Answer 3

Group organisms in a way that identifies them and represents their ancestral relationships

Question 4

What are the 8 hierarchical levels

Answer 4

Domain , Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 5

What are the 3 Domains

Answer 5

Eukaroytic, bacteria and Archea

Question 6

What do we mean by ‘domain’

Answer 6

The highest taxnomic group which contains: Bacteria , Archea, Eukaroyte

Question 7

What are the 4 Eukaryotic kingdoms

Answer 7

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protoctista

Question 8

What do we mean by ‘Phylum’

Answer 8

group of classes that all share common chartsertics

Question 9

What do we mean by ‘class’

Answer 9

Organisms are grouped based on general traits i.e numbers of limbs

Question 10

What do we mean by ‘order’

Answer 10

Group of families that all share common characteristics

Question 11

What do we mean by ‘family’

Answer 11

A group of genera that all share common characteristics

Question 12

What do we mean by ‘genus’?

Answer 12

group of species that all share common characteristics

Question 13

What do we mean by ‘species’ ?

Answer 13

The basic unit of classification in this system in which all members show little variation

Question 14

What are the evidence for the 3 domains

Answer 14

Differences in the sequence of nucleotides in the cell’s ribosomal RNA

Cell membrane lipid structure

Sensitivity to antibiotics and toxins

Question 15

Explain what we mean by ‘Plante’

Answer 15

Autotrophs (Make their own food)
Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Cellouse in cell walls

Question 16

Explain what we mean by ‘Fungi’

Answer 16

Mostly saprophytic (live of dead organisms using extracellular digestion)

Chitin cell walls

Reproduce by spores

Question 17

Explain what we mean by ‘Animalia’

Answer 17

Heterotrophs (eat others for food)
Capable of whole body movements
No cell wall

Question 18

Explain what we mean by ‘Protista’

Answer 18

Strange set of microscopic organisms that can have features of other kingdoms

Question 19

What is the binomial naming system

Answer 19

Uses the genus name and species name to avoid confusion when naming species

Question 20

What is a genus

Answer 20

Group of species that share common charactersistcs

Question 21

how many kingdoms does archea contain

Answer 21

1- archea bacteria

Question 22

how many kingdoms does bacteria contain

Answer 22

1- eubacteria

Question 23

Why is a classification system needed

Answer 23

The classification system sorts organisms into taxonomic groups which allows scientists
:1.To measure biodiversity.
2.To identify species using a universal naming system – this allows scientists to share research.
3.To find evolutionary relationships between different species

Question 24

Why is it difficult to decide on a classification system.

Answer 24

New knowledge is constantly changing our understanding

.2.Some organisms fit into more than one domaineg Archaebacteria`

Question 25

What is gentic diversity

Answer 25

the variety of allels in a gene pool

Question 26

Why is it hard to classify organisms

Answer 26

Animals are constantly chaning

evolution is an on going process

Question 27

What evidence did scientists use to develop the three domain system?

Answer 27

differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell’s robosomal RNAs (rRNA)

the cells’s membrane lipid structure
its sensitivity to antibiotics