Principles of Classification Flashcards
What does biodiversity mean?
The measure of the variety of living organisms and their genetic differences
What is taxonomy?
The science of describing, classifying and naming living organisms
What is the aim of the classification system?
Group organisms in a way that identifies them and represents their ancestral relationships
What are the 8 hierarchical levels
Domain , Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the 3 Domains
Eukaroytic, bacteria and Archea
What do we mean by ‘domain’
The highest taxnomic group which contains: Bacteria , Archea, Eukaroyte
What are the 4 Eukaryotic kingdoms
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protoctista
What do we mean by ‘Phylum’
group of classes that all share common chartsertics
What do we mean by ‘class’
Organisms are grouped based on general traits i.e numbers of limbs
What do we mean by ‘order’
Group of families that all share common characteristics
What do we mean by ‘family’
A group of genera that all share common characteristics
What do we mean by ‘genus’?
group of species that all share common characteristics
What do we mean by ‘species’ ?
The basic unit of classification in this system in which all members show little variation
What are the evidence for the 3 domains
Differences in the sequence of nucleotides in the cell’s ribosomal RNA
Cell membrane lipid structure
Sensitivity to antibiotics and toxins
Explain what we mean by ‘Plante’
Autotrophs (Make their own food)
Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Cellouse in cell walls
Explain what we mean by ‘Fungi’
Mostly saprophytic (live of dead organisms using extracellular digestion)
Chitin cell walls
Reproduce by spores
Explain what we mean by ‘Animalia’
Heterotrophs (eat others for food)
Capable of whole body movements
No cell wall
Explain what we mean by ‘Protista’
Strange set of microscopic organisms that can have features of other kingdoms
What is the binomial naming system
Uses the genus name and species name to avoid confusion when naming species
What is a genus
Group of species that share common charactersistcs
how many kingdoms does archea contain
1- archea bacteria
how many kingdoms does bacteria contain
1- eubacteria
Why is a classification system needed
The classification system sorts organisms into taxonomic groups which allows scientists
:1.To measure biodiversity.
2.To identify species using a universal naming system – this allows scientists to share research.
3.To find evolutionary relationships between different species
Why is it difficult to decide on a classification system.
New knowledge is constantly changing our understanding
.2.Some organisms fit into more than one domaineg Archaebacteria`
What is gentic diversity
the variety of allels in a gene pool
Why is it hard to classify organisms
Animals are constantly chaning
evolution is an on going process
What evidence did scientists use to develop the three domain system?
differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell’s robosomal RNAs (rRNA)
the cells’s membrane lipid structure
its sensitivity to antibiotics
