Identifying Individual Species and Gel electropheresis Flashcards
What is DNA sequencing
the process by which the base sequences of all or part of the genome of an organism is worked out
What is DNA profiling
is the process by which the non coding areas of DNA are analysed to identify patterns
What is bioinformatics?
Development of software and tools needed to organise and analyse raw biological data
What can DNA sequencing also tell us
to see the evolutionary relationships between organisms (phylogeny)
Gel electropheresis 1/8
Make wells in agrose jelly
Gel electropheresis 2/8
Put DNA fragements cut with restriction endonucleus enzymes in them (known and unknown)
Gel electropheresis 3/8
Dye the DNA with something that fluroceses and moves faster than the DNA
Gel electropheresis 4/8
Turn on the current
Gel electropheresis 5/8
The DNA is - charged so it moves towards the anode
Gel electropheresis 6/8
Turn the current off
Gel electropheresis 7/8
Turn the UV light on
Gel electropheresis 8/8
Diffrent bands represent diffrent amino acids and can be compared with known fragments
What is the use of bioinformatics
we can make sense of and use the info generated in DNA sequencing and profiling
What is gel electrophoresis
method of separating fragment of proteins of nucleic acids based on their electrical charge and size
What is restriction endonucleus
special enzyme that cut DNA into fragments at specific sites
what Dye is used to dye the DNA fragments
Ethidium Bromide (EtBr)
What is the role of EtBr
It binds to fragments in the gel and will flourcense when placed in UV
Why does the DNA fragments toward the + anode
This is bc of the - charge on the phosphate groups in the DNA
What is the role of ninhydrin?
added to the gel after electrophesis
it reactrs with the AA so they show up as a purple patches and can be compared with known AA for indefication
Why is gel electrophoresis important
It enables you to distinguish DNA fragments of different lengths
Why is bioinformatics is important
it allows comparison of AA sequences it also helps the modelling molecules like DNA, RNA and proteins and it also helps analysing the biological pathway
how does GE help us to distingiush between species and determine evolutonary relationships
Comparison between the AA sequences of similar proteins in different species or groups of organism are used to help us classify them or trace their evolutionary relationships
How are DNA profiles compared
You compare the total number of bands
You compare the postion of bands
You compare the the size and with of bands
Explain how organisms can be classified into taxonomic groups.
Organisms with specific characteristics are place in a group
also placed into the groups according to the similarities in DNA molecular phylogeny
