Identifying Individual Species and Gel electropheresis

Question 1

What is DNA sequencing

Answer 1

the process by which the base sequences of all or part of the genome of an organism is worked out

Question 2

What is DNA profiling

Answer 2

is the process by which the non coding areas of DNA are analysed to identify patterns

Question 3

What is bioinformatics?

Answer 3

Development of software and tools needed to organise and analyse raw biological data

Question 4

What can DNA sequencing also tell us

Answer 4

to see the evolutionary relationships between organisms (phylogeny)

Question 5

Gel electropheresis 1/8

Answer 5

Make wells in agrose jelly

Question 6

Gel electropheresis 2/8

Answer 6

Put DNA fragements cut with restriction endonucleus enzymes in them (known and unknown)

Question 7

Gel electropheresis 3/8

Answer 7

Dye the DNA with something that fluroceses and moves faster than the DNA

Question 8

Gel electropheresis 4/8

Answer 8

Turn on the current

Question 9

Gel electropheresis 5/8

Answer 9

The DNA is - charged so it moves towards the anode

Question 10

Gel electropheresis 6/8

Answer 10

Turn the current off

Question 11

Gel electropheresis 7/8

Answer 11

Turn the UV light on

Question 12

Gel electropheresis 8/8

Answer 12

Diffrent bands represent diffrent amino acids and can be compared with known fragments

Question 13

What is the use of bioinformatics

Answer 13

we can make sense of and use the info generated in DNA sequencing and profiling

Question 14

What is gel electrophoresis

Answer 14

method of separating fragment of proteins of nucleic acids based on their electrical charge and size

Question 15

What is restriction endonucleus

Answer 15

special enzyme that cut DNA into fragments at specific sites

Question 16

what Dye is used to dye the DNA fragments

Answer 16

Ethidium Bromide (EtBr)

Question 17

What is the role of EtBr

Answer 17

It binds to fragments in the gel and will flourcense when placed in UV

Question 18

Why does the DNA fragments toward the + anode

Answer 18

This is bc of the - charge on the phosphate groups in the DNA

Question 19

What is the role of ninhydrin?

Answer 19

added to the gel after electrophesis

it reactrs with the AA so they show up as a purple patches and can be compared with known AA for indefication

Question 20

Why is gel electrophoresis important

Answer 20

It enables you to distinguish DNA fragments of different lengths

Question 21

Why is bioinformatics is important

Answer 21

it allows comparison of AA sequences it also helps the modelling molecules like DNA, RNA and proteins and it also helps analysing the biological pathway

Question 22

how does GE help us to distingiush between species and determine evolutonary relationships

Answer 22

Comparison between the AA sequences of similar proteins in different species or groups of organism are used to help us classify them or trace their evolutionary relationships

Question 23

How are DNA profiles compared

Answer 23

You compare the total number of bands
You compare the postion of bands
You compare the the size and with of bands

Question 24

Explain how organisms can be classified into taxonomic groups.

Answer 24

Organisms with specific characteristics are place in a group

also placed into the groups according to the similarities in DNA molecular phylogeny