Principles of chemistry (topic 1)

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

smallest part of an element

Question 2

Atomic nucleus

Answer 2

composed of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting it

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 4

Chromatography

Answer 4

process used to separate out substances in a mixture

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms chemically combined together

Question 6

Conductor

Answer 6

material that contains charged particles to carry electrical or thermal energy

Question 7

Covalent bond

Answer 7

shared pair of electrons between 2 non - metals

Question 8

Crystallisation

Answer 8

separation technique to obtain soluble solids from solutions

Question 9

Diamond

Answer 9

giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms which for 4 covalent bonds with 4 other carbon atoms

Question 10

Electron

Answer 10

negatively charged subatomic particle which orbits the nucleus

Question 11

Electron shell

Answer 11

different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons

Question 12

Electrostatic forces

Answer 12

strong forces of attraction between positively charged ions

Question 13

Element

Answer 13

substance made up of only 1 type of atom

Question 14

Empirical formula

Answer 14

simple whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 15

Filteration

Answer 15

separation technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a solution

Question 16

Fractional distillation

Answer 16

process used to separate a mixture of liquids using their different boiling points

Question 17

Fullerenes

Answer 17

molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

Question 18

Gas

Answer 18

state of matter where particles have the most energy and particles move freely and randomly

Question 19

Giant covalent structure

Answer 19

molecular substance containing many atoms covalently bonded together

Question 20

Graphite

Answer 20

giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each forming 3 covalent bonds with 3 carbon atoms

Question 21

Group

Answer 21

column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties

Question 22

Inert

Answer 22

unreactive. Noble gases are inert

Question 23

Intermolecular forces

Answer 23

forces which exist between molecules

Question 24

Ion

Answer 24

atom or molecule with an electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons

Question 25

Ionic bond

Answer 25

bond formed between the oppositely charged ions, between a metal and non - metal

Question 26

Isotope

Answer 26

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 27

Lattice

Answer 27

repeating regular arrangement of atoms / ions / molecules

Question 28

Liquid

Answer 28

state of matter where particles are able to move past each other

Question 29

Metals

Answer 29

elements that react to form positive ions found in the left bottoms of the periodic table

Question 30

Mixture

Answer 30

contains at least 2 different elements or compounds not chemically bonded together

Question 31

Mobile phase

Answer 31

fluid which moves through the chromatography system carrying the mixture

Question 32

Mole

Answer 32

standard unit of measuring amount of chemicals

Question 33

Molecular formula

Answer 33

actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 34

Molecule

Answer 34

group of at least 2 atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 35

Noble gas

Answer 35

elements in group 0 have a full outer shell of electrons making them very unreactive

Question 36

Neutron

Answer 36

Neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atoms with a atomic relative mass of 1

Question 37

Non - metals

Answer 37

elements that react to form negative ions found towards the right top of the periodic table

Question 38

Oxidation

Answer 38

reaction involving gain of oxygen and loss of electrons

Question 39

Paper chromatography

Answer 39

type of chromatography which uses paper as the stationary phase and a solvent as the mobile phase

Question 40

Percentage yield

Answer 40

percentage ratio of the actual product formed compared to the theoretical yield

Question 41

Period

Answer 41

row of the periodic table elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells

Question 42

Proton

Answer 42

positivity charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of an atoms relative mass of 1

Question 43

Pure substance

Answer 43

substance which only contains 1 element or compound which have fixed melting and boiling points

Question 44

Reduction

Answer 44

reaction involving loss of oxygen and gain of electron

Question 45

Relative atomic mass

Answer 45

sum of the relative masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula

Question 46

Rf value

Answer 46

value used in chromatography

Question 47

Saturated solution

Answer 47

solution which contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the solvent

Question 48

Simple distillation

Answer 48

seperation technique used to separate a liquid from a solution

Question 49

Solid

Answer 49

state of matter where particles hold a regular arrangement with the least amount of energy

Question 50

Solute

Answer 50

substance which is being dissolved in a solvent to create a solution

Question 51

Solvent

Answer 51

substance which dissolves a solute

Question 52

State symbols

Answer 52

l, s, g, aq

Question 53

Stationary phase

Answer 53

non - moving phase in chromatography where the mobile phase passes over

Question 54

Subatomic particles

Answer 54

particles smaller than an atom

Question 55

Water of crystallisation

Answer 55

water molecules forming part of a crystal structure