Inorganic chemistry (topic 2) Flashcards
Acid
produces hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions they have a pH range between 0 and 7 known as proton donors
Alkali
produces hydrogen ions (H-) in aqueous solution they have a pH range between 7 and 14 they are soluble bases
Alkali metals
elements in group 1 of the periodic table typically soft and relatively low melting points
Base
a substance which reacts with an acid in a neutralisation reaction to form a salt and water
Climate change
change in global climate due to increased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere
Combustion
burning of a substance in oxygen
Displacement
more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound
Flame test
identifies metal ions. insert a wire loop with unknown compound onto a flame and observe colour
Galvanise
process used to protect again corrosion by coating the metal with a protective layer of zinc
Greenhouse effect
increase in temperature of the Earths atmosphere due to greenhouse gases trapping info-red radiation from the surface
Greenhouse gases
water vapour, CO2 and methane
Halides
ions formed by halogen atoms
Halogens
element in group 7. get more reactive down the group and higher boiling and melting points
Indicators
chemical used to distinguish between acidic and alkaline solutions
Neutralisation
reaction in which an acid and a base react to form a salt and water
Oxidation
reaction involving gain of oxygen and loss of electrons
Oxidising agent
oxidation by gaining electrons
pH scale
measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution from 0-14
Reactivity series
series in which metals are arranged in order of their reactivity
Redox reaction
reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously
Reducing agent
reduction by loosing electrons
Reduction
reaction involving loss of oxygen and gain of electrons
Rust
reddish coating of iron oxide which forms on iron when it undergoes oxidation
Sacrificial protection
protection against corrosion by using a more reactive metal
Thermal decomposition
breaking down of a compound by heating
Universal indicator
mixture of dyes that changes colour gradually over a range of pH to test for acids and alkalies