Organic chemistry (topic 4) Flashcards
Acid rain
rain that is acidic due to gases such as sulphur dioxide reacting with water vapour in the clouds
Addition reaction
reaction in which at least 2 molecules combine together to form a larger molecule
Alkanes
most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil. General formula of CnH2n+2
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons with a double bond, unsaturated. general formula of CnH2n
Biodegradable
able to be broken down by living organisms
Catalytic cracking
long chain of hydrocarbons are heated at 600-700 degrees
Combustion
burning of a substance.
Complete combustion
carried out with sufficient oxygen. Water and carbon dioxide are the products
Cracking
breaking down larger hydrocarbons to produce smaller molecules
Crude oil
finite resource found in rocks
Displayed formula
shows the bonds between every atoms in the compound
Empirical formula
smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Finite resource
resource which will one day run out
Fractional distillation
process used to separate a mixutre of liquids
Fuel
substance which releases energy when burned
Functional group
group of atoms responsible for how a particular compound reacts
General formula
chemical formula which represents the composition of atoms present in a compound
Homologous series
series of a compound with the same functional group
Hydrocarbons
molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
Impurities
chemical substances within a compound which are different to the chemical composition of the compound
Incomplete combustion
combustion which is carried out with insufficient. Produces carbon monoxide carbon and water
Isomerism
molecules with the exact same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms
Molecular formula
actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
Monomer
small short chain molecules which can join to form a long chain polymer
Particulates
pollution particles which cause global warming and health problems
Polymer
large long chain molecules made of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds
Repeat unit
part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain
Saturated hydrocarbons
containing only single bonds (alkanes)
Steam cracking
long chain hydrocarbons are heated to turn them into gas
Structural formula
formula which shows the arrangement of atoms but not the bonds
Substation reaction
reaction in which a function group of a compound is related by another function group
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
contains double and triple bonds (alkenes)
