Principles of Chemistry - States of Matter

Question 1

what is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

Answer 1

particles are close together and regularly packed

Question 2

what is the movement of particles in a solid?

Answer 2

particles vibrate around a fixed point

Question 3

what is the energy of particles in a solid?

Answer 3

particles have less kinetic energy than both liquids and gasses

Question 4

what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

Answer 4

particles are close together but irregular

Question 5

what is the movement of particles in a liquid?

Answer 5

particles are free to move

Question 6

what is the energy of particles in a liquid?

Answer 6

particles have less kinetic energy than gasses but more than solids

Question 7

what is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

Answer 7

particles are far apart and there are no forces between them

Question 8

what is the movement of particles in a gas?

Answer 8

particles are free to move

Question 9

what is the energy of particles in a gas?

Answer 9

particles have more kinetic energy than liquids and solids

Question 10

what is the change between solid and liquid and what happens during it?

Answer 10

melting - when a solid is heated, the energy makes the particles vibrate fast enough so that the forces of attraction between the particles break

Question 11

what is the change between liquid and solid and what happens during it?

Answer 11

freezing - when a liquid is cooled, the particles move slowly enough so that the forces of attraction between them will hold them into a solid.

Question 12

what is the change between liquid and gas and what happens during it?

Answer 12

boiling - when a liquid is heated strongly, the energy makes the particles move fast enough so that all forces of attraction are broken

Question 13

what is the change between gas and liquid and what happens during it?

Answer 13

condensing - when a gas is cooled, the particles move slowly enough so that the forces of attraction between them will hold them as a liquid

Question 14

what is the change between solid and gas called?

Answer 14

sublimation

Question 16

what is diffusion?

Answer 16

gradual movement of particles from high to low concentration

Question 17

how does the potassium manganate and water practical demonstrate diffusion?

Answer 17

the purple-coloured potassium manganate slowly makes the water turn purple. the potassium manganate is diffusing among the water particles

Question 18

why is the purple potassium manganate colour evenly spread?

Answer 18

the random motion of particles

Question 19

what gas does aqueous ammonia give off?

Answer 19

ammonia gas

Question 20

what gas does hydrochloric acid give off?

Answer 20

hydrogen chloride gas

Question 21

if aqueous ammonia and hydrochloric acid are put in a glass tube at opposite ends what happens?

Answer 21

a white ring of ammonium chloride is formed

Question 22

why does the white ring of ammonium chloride not form in the middle of the glass tube?

Answer 22

ammonia particles are smaller and lighter than hydrogen chloride particles so diffuse more quickly

Question 23

how do bromine gas and air demonstrate diffusion?

Answer 23

when both are put in a gas jar the brown bromine gas will diffuse through the air, making it a brown colour

Question 24

what is a solute?

Answer 24

the substance that dissolves

Question 25

what is a solution?

Answer 25

the liquid formed

Question 26

what is a solvent?

Answer 26

the liquid in which the substance dissolves

Question 27

what is a saturated solution?

Answer 27

a solution into which no more solute can be dissolved