Inorganic Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salt Preperations

Question 1

is sodium soluble?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

is potassium soluble?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

is ammonium soluble?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

are nitrates soluble?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

are chlorides soluble?

Answer 5

yes, apart from silver chloride and lead (II) chloride

Question 6

are sulfates soluble?

Answer 6

yes, apart from barium sulfate, calcium sulfate and lead (II) sulfate

Question 7

are carbonates soluble?

Answer 7

no, apart from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate

Question 8

are hydroxides soluble?

Answer 8

no, apart from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide

Question 9

what is an acid? (in regard to protons)

Answer 9

a proton donor

Question 10

what is a base? (in regard to protons)

Answer 10

a proton acceptor

Question 11

what is the reaction between an alkali/base and an acid?

Answer 11

alkali/base + acid → water + salt

Question 12

what is the reaction between a carbonate and an acid?

Answer 12

carbonate + acid → water + salt + carbon dioxide

Question 13

what is the reaction between a metal and an acid?

Answer 13

metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

Question 14

what is the formula of sulfuric acid and what salt does it form?

Answer 14

H₂SO₄, sulfate

Question 15

what is the formula of hydrochloric acid and what salt does it form?

Answer 15

HCl, chloride

Question 16

what is the formula of nitric acid and what salt does it form?

Answer 16

HNO₃, nitrate

Question 17

what is a base?

Answer 17

• a base is a substance that neutralises an acid by combining with the hydrogen ions in them to produce water
• a base usually means a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide or ammonia

Question 18

what is an alkali?

Answer 18

bases which are soluble in water

Question 19

how would you prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, from an insoluble reactant?

Answer 19

• heat acid in a beaker
• add base until in excess (no more dissolves) and stir with a glass rod
• filter the mixture using filter paper and a funnel
• gently heat the filtered solution until crystals form on a glass rod
• allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form
• remove the crystals by filtration
• dry by leaving it in a warm place

Question 20

how would you prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals starting from copper(II) oxide?

Answer 20

• heat acid in a beaker
• add base until in excess (no more copper oxide dissolves) and stir with glass rod
• filter the mixture using filter paper and funnel
• gently heat the filtered solution until crystals form on a glass rod
• allow the solution to cool so that hydrated crystals form
• remove the crystals by filtration
• dry by leaving in a warm place