Principles of biomolecules

Question 1

Define the terms monomer

Answer 1

A small basic molecular unit that makes up a polymer e.g. amino acids and monosccharides

Question 2

Define the term polymer

Answer 2

A large complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers bonded/ linked together e.g proteins and carbohydrates

Question 3

Define the term macromolecule

Answer 3

A large complex molecule with a large molecular mass e.g a protein or a lipid

Question 4

Define the term dimer

Answer 4

A chemical compound composed of two identical or similar monomers

Question 5

Define the term oligomer

Answer 5

A polymer molecule consisting of a small number of monomers.

Question 6

Define the term condensation reaction

Answer 6

A reaction between two molecules resulting in the formation of a larger molecule and the release of a water molecule.

Question 7

Define the term hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

The breakdown of a molecule into two smaller molecules requiring the addition of a water molecule.

Question 8

Define the term metabolism

Answer 8

Cellular metabolism is all the biochemical reactions taking place withing a cell, including all the reactions involved in digesting food molecules.

Question 9

Define a catabolic reaction

Answer 9

Reactions of metabolism that breaks molecules down into smaller units- these reactions release energy

Question 10

Define anabolic reaction

Answer 10

Reactions of metabolism that construct molecules from smaller units. - These reactions require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP

Question 11

List the 4 main categories of biological molecule.

Answer 11

1. Carbohydrate
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 12

Carbohydrates- Building blocks

Answer 12

Monosaccharide e.g glucose, fructose, ribose

Question 13

Carbohydrates- name of dimer

Answer 13

Disaccharide e.g sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 14

Carbohydrates- Name of macromolecule

Answer 14

Carbohydrate

Question 15

Carbohydrates- Is the macromolecule a polymer

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Carbohydrates- Bond that links the building blocks together

Answer 16

Glycosidic bond

Question 17

Carbohydrates- the name of the reaction that joins the building blocks together

Answer 17

Condenstion reaction

Question 18

Carbohydrates- examples of functions

Answer 18

Glucose- energy source for R
Starch - energy store in plants
Glycogen- energy store in animals
Cellulose- structure and support of cell wall in plants

Question 19

Carbohydrates- elements that make up the molecules

Answer 19

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 20

Lipids- Building blocks

Answer 20

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

Lipids- Name of macromolecule

Answer 21

Lipid- triglyceride and phospholipids

Question 22

Lipids- Is the macromolecule a polymer

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Lipids- Bond that links the building blocks together

Answer 23

Esther bond

Question 24

Lipids- the name of the reaction that joins the building blocks together

Answer 24

Esterification

Question 25

Lipids- examples of functions

Answer 25

1. membrane formation and creation of hydrophobic barriers 2. hormone production 3. electrical insulation necessary for impulse transmission 4. waterproofing 5. Thermal insulation 6. cushioning to protect vital organs 7. buoyancy for aquatic animals

Question 26

Lipids- elements that make up the molecules

Answer 26

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, (phosphorus in phospholipids)

Question 27

Proteins- building blocks

Answer 27

Amino acids

Question 28

Proteins- name of dimer

Answer 28

Dipeptide

Question 29

Proteins- name of macromolecule

Answer 29

protein- Polypeptide

Question 30

Proteins- is the macromolecule a polymer

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Proteins- Bonds that link the building blocks together

Answer 31

peptide covalent bond

Question 32

Proteins- Name of reaction that joins the building blocks together

Answer 32

Condensation reaction

Question 33

Proteins- examples of functios

Answer 33

globular proteins- regulate many processes such as chemical reactions, immunity, muscle contractions. conjugated proteins Fibrous Proteins- make strong, long molecules- structure

Question 34

Proteins- elements that make up molecules

Answer 34

Carbon, hydrogen. oxygen, nitrogen

Question 35

Explain why the principle of macromolecules being able to be deconstructed into building blocks which can then be reconstructed into different macromolecules is the basis for life as we know it.

Answer 35

Because you can make loads of things which are important

Question 36

Define a single bond

Answer 36

A chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.

Question 37

Define a double bond

Answer 37

A chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.