Principles of biochemistry - Concepts Flashcards by Valentina Konovalova

Q

Cellular Foundations

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Chemical Foundations

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Physical Foundations

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Genetic Foundations

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Evolutionary Foundations

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Weak Interactions in Aqueous Systems

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Ionization of Water, Weak Acids, and Weak Bases

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Buffering against pH Changes in Biological Systems

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Water as a Reactant

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Amino Acids

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Peptides and Proteins

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Working with Proteins

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The Structure of Proteins: Primary Structure

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Overview of Protein Structure

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Protein Secondary Structure

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Protein Tertiary Structure

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Protein Quaternary Structures

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Protein Denaturation and Folding

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Reversible Binding of a Protein to a Ligand: Oxygen-Binding Proteins

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Complementary Interactions between Proteins and Ligands: The Immune System and Immunoglobulins

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Protein Interactions Modulated by Chemical Energy: Actin, Myosin, and Molecular Motors

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

An Introduction to Enzymes

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

How Enzymes Work

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Enzyme Kinetics as an Approach to Understanding Mechanism

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Examples of Enzymatic Reactions

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Regulatory Enzymes

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Polysaccharides

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Glycoconjugates: Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycosphingolipids

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Carbohydrates as Informational Molecules: The Sugar Code

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Working with Carbohydrates

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Some Basics

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Nucleic Acid Structure

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Nucleic Acid Chemistry

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Other Functions of Nucleotides

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Studying Genes and Their Products

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Using DNA-Based Methods to Understand Protein Function

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Genomics and the Human Story

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Storage Lipids

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Structural Lipids in Membranes

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Lipids as Signals, Cofactors, and Pigments

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Working with Lipids

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The Composition and Architecture of Membranes

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Membrane Dynamics

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Solute Transport across Membranes

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

General Features of Signal Transduction

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

G Protein–Coupled Receptors and Second Messengers

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Receptor Guanylyl Cyclases, cGMP, and Protein Kinase G

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Multivalent Adaptor Proteins and Membrane Rafts

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Gated Ion Channels

A

Q

Integrins: Bidirectional Cell Adhesion Receptors

A

Q

Regulation of Transcription by Nuclear Hormone Receptors

A

Q

Signaling in Microorganisms and Plants

A

Q

Sensory Transduction in Vision, Olfaction, and Gustation

A

Q

Regulation of the Cell Cycle by Protein Kinases

A

Q

Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes, and Programmed Cell Death

A

Q

Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics

A

Q

Chemical Logic and Common Biochemical Reactions

A

Q

Phosphoryl Group Transfers and ATP

A

Q

Biological Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

A

Q

Glycolysis

A

Q

Feeder Pathways for Glycolysis

A

Q

Fates of Pyruvate under Anaerobic Conditions: Fermentation

A

Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Q

Pentose Phosphate Pathway of Glucose Oxidation

A

Q

Regulation of Metabolic Pathways

A

Q

Analysis of Metabolic Control

A

Q

Coordinated Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

A

Q

The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals

A

Q

Coordinated Regulation of Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown

A

Q

Production of Acetyl-CoA (Activated Acetate)

A

Q

Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle

A

Q

Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle

A

Q

The Glyoxylate Cycle

A

Q

Digestion, Mobilization, and Transport of Fats

A

Q

Oxidation of Fatty Acids

A

Q

Ketone Bodies

A

Q

Metabolic Fates of Amino Groups

A

Q

Nitrogen Excretion and the Urea Cycle

A

Q

Pathways of Amino Acid Degradation

A

Q

Electron-Transfer Reactions
in Mitochondria

A

Q

ATP Synthesis

A

Q

Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Q

Mitochondria in Thermogenesis, Steroid Synthesis, and Apoptosis

A

Q

Mitochondrial Genes: Their Origin and the Effects of Mutations

A

Q

General Features of Photophosphorylation

A

Q

Light Absorption

A

Q

The Central Photochemical Event: Light-Driven Electron Flow

A

Q

ATP Synthesis by Photophosphorylation

A

Q

The Evolution of Oxygenic Photosynthesis

A

Q

Photosynthetic Carbohydrate Synthesis

A

Q

Photorespiration and the C4 and CAM Pathways

A

Q

Biosynthesis of Starch and Sucrose

A

Q

Synthesis of Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Plant Cellulose and Bacterial Peptidoglycan

A

Q

Integration of Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Plant Cell

A

Q

Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
and Eicosanoids

A

Q

Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols

A

Q

Biosynthesis of Membrane Phospholipids

A

Q

Cholesterol, Steroids, and Isoprenoids: Biosynthesis, Regulation and Transport

A

Q

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

A

Q

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

A

Q

Molecules Derived from Amino Acids

A

Q

Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

A

Q

Hormones: Diverse Structures for Diverse Functions

A

Q

Tissue-Specific Metabolism: The Division of Labor

A

Q

Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism

A

Q

Obesity and the Regulation of Body Mass

A

Q

Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes

A

Q

Chromosomal Elements

A

Q

DNA Supercoiling

A

Q

The Structure of Chromosomes

A

Q

DNA Replication

A

Q

DNA Repair

A

Q

DNA Recombination

A

Q

DNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA

A

Q

RNA Processing

A

Q

RNA-Dependent Synthesis of RNA and DNA

A

Q

The Genetic Code

A

Q

Protein Synthesis

A

Q

Protein synthesis occurs in five stages:

A

Q

Protein Targeting and Degradation

A

Q

Principles of Gene Regulation

A

Q

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

A

Q

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

A