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624: Acute Care Therapeutic Exercises > Principles of Aerobic Exercise > Flashcards

Principles of Aerobic Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

The ability to perform physical work is defined as what?

A

fitness

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2
Q

Measure of the body’s capacity to use O2 is called what?

A

VO2Max

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3
Q

How is VO2Max measured?

A

mL of O2/kg per minute

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4
Q

The ability to work for prolonged periods of time and resist fatigue is called what?

A

endurance

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5
Q

What is Aerobic Exercise Training (Conditioning)?

A

Augmentation of the energy utilization of the muscle due to an exercise program

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6
Q

What is Adaptation?

A

CV system and muscles adapt to training stimulus over time

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7
Q

Measure of oxygen used by the myocardial muscle is called what?

A

mVO2 (myocardial oxygen consumption)

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8
Q

What are the 3 major energy systems?

A

1) ATP-PC
2) Anaerobic Glycolytic
3) Aerobic System

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9
Q

What is the fuel source in the ATP-PC System?
Anaerobic Glycolytic System?
Aerobic System?

A

PC
Glycogen
Glycogen, Proteins, and Fats

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10
Q

What is the energy duration during the ATP-PC System?
Anaerobic Glycolytic System?
Aerobic System?

A

Short, quick bursts
Moderate intensity/short duration
Long duration

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11
Q

Compare and contrast maximum capacity and maximum power between the 3 energy systems

A

Aerobic system has great maximum capacity and low maximum power whereas ATP-PC system has great maximum power and low maximum capacity. Anaerobic glycolytic system has moderate levels of each

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12
Q

In which energy system is oxygen required?

A

Aerobic system

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13
Q

ATP-PC system is used for the first __ seconds of exercise.
Anaerobic Glycolytic system is used from the __ - __ second of exercise.
Aerobic System is used after the __ minute of exercise

A

30
30-90
2

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14
Q

What happens to ATP in each system?

A

ATP-PC: it is replenished in the muscle cell with rest
Anaerobic Glycolytic: it is resynthesized in the cell
Aerobic System: it is resynthesized in the mitochondria of the muscle cell

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15
Q

In which system is lactic acid produced?

A

Anaerobic Glycolytic

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16
Q

Which energy system is used during a submaximal intense activity using large muscles for 3-5 minutes and repeated after rest?

A

All 3 systems

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17
Q

Describe Type I muscle fibers

A

Slow twitch fibers that are rich in myoglobin and mitochondria. Used during low-intensity exercises demanding endurance

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18
Q

Describe Type IIB muscle fibers

A

Fast twitch fibers that are low in myoglobin and have few mitochondria. Used during activities requiring power

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19
Q

Describe Type IIA muscle fibers

A

Have characteristics of both slow and fast twitch fibers

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20
Q

What are METs?

A

measurement used to quantify how much energy is expended based on the amount of oxygen consumed (mL) per kilogram of body weight

21
Q

The higher the net oxygen cost, the ____ the efficiency in performing the activity.

A

lower

22
Q

3 Cardiac Responses to Exercise

A

1) Exercise Pressor Response
2) Cardiac Effects
3) Peripheral Effects

23
Q

Describe the exercise pressor response to exercise

A

It is an SNS response that includes generalized peripheral vasoconstriction and increased myocardial contractility

24
Q

Describe cardiac effects to exercise

A

There is an increase in heart rate and force of contractility

25
Q

Describe peripheral effects to exercise

A

3 Things Occur:

  • net reduction in total peripheral resistance due to vasoconstriction
  • cardiac output increases due to an increase in myocardial contractility
  • systolic BP increases due to increased cardiac output
26
Q

What are the respiratory responses to exercise? (even before exercise begins)

A
  • Gas exchange increases
  • Increase in body temperature
  • Increased epinephrine
  • Increased stimulation of receptors of joints or muscles
27
Q

3 responses to exercise that provide additional oxygen to muscle?

A
  • Increased blood flow
  • Increased oxygen extraction
  • Oxygen Consumption
28
Q

What does one test when testing level of performance?

A

submaximum or maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) or symptom limited oxygen uptake

29
Q

What are the 4 P’s of stress testing for recovering subjects?

A

Principles
Purpose
Preparation
Precautions

30
Q

What are the four determinants of an exercise program?

A 
(IDFM)
Intensity
Duration
Frequency
Mode
31
Q

__% max heart rate is a minimal level stimulus for eliciting a conditioning response in healthy young individuals

A

70%

32
Q

What are the two ways to calculate max HR?

A

220-Age (less accurate)
OR
HRrest + 60-70% (HRmax-HRrest)

33
Q

What is the specificity principle?

A

Adaptation of the systems depending on the demand

There is no overlap when training strength/power and endurance activities

34
Q

If you want to improve your VO2max what type of activity should you perform?

A

High intensity exercise for shorter time

35
Q

When does detraining begin?

A

After only 2 weeks

 *3 days in bedbound pts
36
Q

3 Components of an Exercise Program

A

1) Warm-Up
2) Aerobic Exercise
3) Cool-Down

37
Q

Purpose of a Warm-Up

A

Allows for physiologic responses to adjust to pending demand increase and injury prevention

38
Q

2 Guidelines of a Warm-Up

A
  • 10 minute period of total body movement exercises

- Attain a HR that’s within 20 beats/min of target HR

39
Q

4 Types of Aerobic Exercise

A

1) Continuous
2) Interval
3) Circuit
4) Circuit-Interval

40
Q

Purpose of a Cool-Down

A

Prevent blood pooling and fainting

41
Q

2 Guidelines of a Cool-Down

A
  • Total body exercises/static stretching

- Period should last 5-10 minutes

42
Q

3 Phases of an Exercise Program for a pt with coronary artery disease

A 
Phase I (Inpatient)
Phase II (Outpatient)
Phase III (Outpatient)
43
Q

Purpose of Phase I

A

Self care, education, orthostatic challenge such as transfers, ambulation

44
Q

What things occur during Phase II

A
  • Patients undergo symptom limited exercise stress test
  • They are monitored via telemetry to determine HR and rhythm responses
  • Circuit-Interval Training is common (3xwk)
45
Q

When does Phase II begin?

A

either upon D/C from the hospital or 6-8 weeks post cardiac event

46
Q

Typically how long is Phase II?

A

6-8 weeks

47
Q

Describe Phase III

A

OP phase that includes a supervised exercise conditioning program to continue improvement or maintenance of fitness levels in which HR and rhythm are no longer monitored

48
Q

Myocardial oxygen consumption is ____ with arm exercises than with leg exercises

A

Higher

49
Q

Generally what happens to physical work capacity and endurance as one ages?

A

Decreases

624: Acute Care Therapeutic Exercises (20 decks)

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