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SPI Click to Learn > Principles & Instrumentation Pt 2 > Flashcards

Principles & Instrumentation Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following system controls is used mainly in cardiac imaging to correct for dropout on the sides of the image

A. 3D image rendering
B. 2D priority
C. lateral gain
D. post processing

A

C

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2
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding pulse inversion imaging

A. increases destruction of contrast material microbubbles
B. improves temporal resolution
C. used to improve color doppler display in deep structures
D. reduces frame rate compared to standard 2D imaging

A

D

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3
Q

Which of the following sound wave parameters varies as the prop speed changes in different media

A. frequency
B. period
C. wavelength
D. PRF

A

C

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4
Q

Dynamic focusing refers to

A. a combination of electronic and mechanical focusing
B. the type of focusing used in a mechanical array
C. using the time of flight of pulses to improve resolution
D. a combination of frequency compounding and receive focusing

A

C

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5
Q

Which of the following lists the range of the PRF used in real time US imaging

A. 1-10kHz
B. 1000-10000kHz
C. 2MHz-15MHz
D. 2kHz-15kHz

A

A

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6
Q

What system function converts the returned waves into all positive voltages (compressions)

A. frequency compounding
B. rectification
C. rejection
D. coded excitation

A

B

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7
Q

In B mode imaging, the x axis indicates _______ and the z axis indicates _______

A. reflector depth, time
B. reflector brightness, time
C. reflector brightness, reflector depth
D. reflector depth, reflector brightness

A

D

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8
Q

Which of the following console controls will have NO effect on the dynamic range

A. output power
B. suppression
C. rejection
D. compression

A

A

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9
Q

For an US system to produce a real time flicker free image the minimum frame rate required is _______

A. 15Hz
B. 10Hz
C. 60Hz
D. 30Hz

A

A

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10
Q

Activating which of the following ultrasound functions will cause the largest increase in beam intensity

A. B color
B. PW doppler
C. color doppler
D. M mode

A

B

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11
Q

_________ improves penetration and axial resolution

A. spatial compounding
B. coded excitation
C. decreasing transducer frequency
D. dynamic frequency tuning

A

B

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12
Q

Which of the following system functions converts the received signal from radiofrequency form to amplitude form

A. compression
B. bandpass filtering
C. coded excitation
D. demodulation/detection

A

D

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13
Q

Which of the following is a function of the signal processor

A. apodization and aperature
B. amplification and compensation
C. filtering and compression
D. steering and focusing

A

C

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14
Q

What part of the beam former creates the digital echo signal that is sent to the signal processor

A. analog to digital converter
B. digital to analog converter
C. pulser
D. amplifier

A

A

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15
Q

The dynamic range of a system

A. varies with the medium evaluated
B. increases with increased rejection
C. is operator adjustable
D. is measured in Khz

A

C

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16
Q

How is focusing performed using the reflected portion of the beam

A. increasing the PRF
B. varying the number of PE elements used to receive the reflected echoes
C. system processes only half of the reflections that are returned
D, varying the amplitude of the voltage spike produced for each PE element

A

B

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17
Q

If the lines per frame increases and the depth remains the same, what other system parameter must change for sound wave production

A. signal to noise ratio
B. PRF
C. frequency
D. prop speed of the sound produced

A

B

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18
Q

During the exam, you change from a 5MHz transducer to a 3MHz transducer. How does the wavelength change

A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains constant
D. unable to determine

A

A

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19
Q

Which of the following is related to an increase in SPL of an US beam produced by the transducer

A. remove a focal zone
B. increased beam width
C. decrease in probe frequency
D. decreased imaging depth

A

C

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20
Q

Which of the following describes the effect on the frame rate when changing from a duplex to triplex imaging

A. no change to frame rate when PW doppler is active
B. decreased
C. no change to the frame rate when color doppler is active
D. increased

A

B

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21
Q

The difference between the two sets of pulses on the diagram demonstrates what US system function

A. demodulation
B. amplification
C. rejection
D. rectification

A

C

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22
Q

If each image requires 50 acoustic pulses and your system displays 30 images per second, what is the pulse repetition period

A. 0.67ms
B. 1500Hz
C. 1500ms
D. 0.67microsec

A

A

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23
Q

Which of the following system adjustments can be used to help demonstrate the presence of posterior shadowing seen with gallstone

A. decrease dynamic range
B. increasing compression settings
C. decrease transducer frequency
D. decrease the monitor contrast

A

A

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24
Q

Which of the following sound wave characteristics is adjustable by the sonographer

A. period
B. prop speed of the element
C. intensity
D. wavelength

A

C

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25
Q

_______ improves penetration and axial resolution

A. spatial compounding
B. coded excitation
C. decreasing transducer frequency
D. dynamic receive tuning

A

B

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26
Q

Grating lobes most commonly

A. result in missing information on the image
B. are produced by highly reflective boundaries
C. occur with linear arrays
D. reduce the visibility of color doppler

A

C

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27
Q

The dynamic range of a system

A. varies with the medium evaluated
B. increased with increased rejection
C. is operator adjustable
D. is measured in kHz

A

C

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28
Q

How is focusing performed using the reflected portion of the beam

A. increasing the PRF
B. varying the number of PE elements used to receive the reflected echoes
C. system processes only half of the reflections that are returned
D. varying the amplitude of the voltage spike produced for each PE element

A

B

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29
Q

If the lines per frame increased and the depth remains the same, what other system parameter must change for sound wave production

A. signal to noise ratio
B. PRF
C. frequency
D. propagation speed of the sound produced

A

B

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30
Q

Which of the following will not affect the signal to noise ratio on a 2D image

A. frequency compounding
B. harmonic imaging
C. spatial compounding
D. temporal compounding

A

D

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31
Q

The more bits per pixel, the ______ shades of grey on the image and ______ improves

A. more, slice thickness resolution
B. more, spatial resolution
C. more, contrast resolution
D. less, contrast resolution

A

C

32
Q

Which of the following is related to an increase in the spatial pulse length of an US beam produced by the transducer

A. remove a focal zone
B. increased beam width
C. decrease in probe frequency
D. decreased imaging depth

A

C

33
Q

Which of the following correctly describes apodization

A. it is a post processing function that adjusts contrast resolution
B. it is performed by maximizing the voltage of the central elements and reducing the voltage to the outer elements
C. it is a post processing function that adjusts temporal resolution
D. it is used to remove the high frequency reflections outside the bandwidth

A

B

34
Q

Which of the following describes the effect on the frame rate when changing from duplex to triplex imaging

A. no change to frame rate when PW doppler is active
B. decreased
C. no change to the frame rate when color doppler is active
D. increased

A

B

35
Q

If each image requires 50 acoustic pulses and your system displays 30 images per second, what is the pulse rep period

A. 0.67ms
B. 1500Hz
C. 1500ms
D. .67microsec

A

A

36
Q

Harmonic imaging leads to

A. improved axial resolution but degraded lateral resolution
B. increased side lobe production
C. decreased image clutter
D. decreased signal to noise ratio

A

C

37
Q

Which of the following system adjustments can be used to help demonstrate the presence of posterior shadowing seen with gallstones

A. decrease dynamic range
B> increasing compression setting
C. decrease transducer frequency
D. decrease the monitor contrast

A

A

38
Q

The ultrasound image is usually created using all of the reflected frequencies in a pulse. When using ______ the reflected frequencies are divided into smaller sections and each of the sections is used to create an image

A. spatial compounding
B. compound imaging
C. frequency compounding
D. temporal compounding

A

C

39
Q

What system function converts the returned waves into all positive voltages (compressions)

A. frequency compounding
B. rectification
C. rejection
D. coded excitation

A

B

40
Q

Which of the following console controls will adjust the pulse duration

A. output power
B. imaging depth
C. adding a focal zone
D. none of the above

A

D

41
Q

The pulse sends the voltage spike to the

A. digital scan converter
B. transducer
C. beam former
D. analog scan converter

A

B

42
Q

You are performing a liver ultrasound using the intercostal window and the entire image is very bright. What is the best way to adjust the image to the appropriate brightness level

A. adjust the far field TGCs
B. adjust the power output
C. adjust the near field TGCs
D. adjust the overall gain

A

B

43
Q

You are scanning at a depth of 5cm using a 3MHz transducer and switch to a 5MHz transducer without changing the depth setting. Which transducer has the greatest PRF

A. they have the same PRF
B. 3MHz
C. unable to determine
D. 5MHz

A

A

44
Q

The vacuum tube monitor receives its electrical signal from which component of the US system

A. pulser
B. digital to analog converter
C. signal processor
D. analog to digital converter

A

B

45
Q

Which of the following will allow for the display of the most shades of gray on the image

A. large pixel size with 24 bits/pixel
B. large pixel size with 8 bits/pixel
C. smll pixel size with 8 bits/pixel
D. small pixel size with 16 bits/ pixel

A

A

46
Q

Which of the following lists the range of the PRF used in real time US imaging

A. 1-10kHz
B. 1000-10000kHz
C. 2MHz-15MHz
D. 2kHz-15kHz

A

A

47
Q

Activating which of the following ultrasound functions will cause the largest increase in beam intensity

A. b color
B. m mode
C. color doppler
D. PW doppler

A

D

48
Q

_______ refers to the process of programming the receiving elements to use the higher frequency reflections for more superficial structures and lower frequency reflections for deeper structures

A. spatial compounding
B. temporal compounding
C. dynamic frequency tuning
D. coded excitation

A

C

49
Q

The spatial resolution on a CRT monitor is directly related to

A. the frame rate
B. the number of lines per frame
C. pixel size
D. the number of frames produced

A

B

50
Q

A large fatty mass is identified in the liver parenchyma. The diaphragm appears to have an irregular border and is difficult to assess in the area posterior to the mass. Why

A. there is increased diffraction of the sound beam within the fatty tumor causing decreased visualization of the diaphragm
B. mirror imaging phenomenon is creating a duplicate structure posterior to the fatty mass
C. misregistration of anatomy posterior to the mass due to slower speed of sound in fat
D. there is increased refraction of the sound beam within the fatty tumor causing decreased visualization of the diaphragm

A

C

51
Q

Which of the following correctly describes therapeutic US applications

A. therapeutic US uses higher frequencies than diagnostic US
B. therapeutic transducers use sound to produce heat and vibration, while diagnostic US transducers use sound to create images
C. therapeutic US uses transducers with round elements and diagnostic US transducers use square elements
D. therapeutic US used lower intensities than diagnostic US

A

B

52
Q

Which of the following would brighten the image without affecting beam intensity

A. increase the amplitude of transmitted sound
B. decrease rejection
C. decrease monitor brightness
D. increase the amplitude of reflected sound

A

D

53
Q

Dynamic focusing refers to

A. the type of focusing used in a mechanical aray
B. using the time of flight of pulses to improve resolution
C. a combination of frequency compounding and receive focusing
D. a combination of electronic and mechanical focusing

A

B

54
Q

Which of the following parameters is NOT operator adjustable

A. intensity
B. PRF
C. mechanical index
D. frequency

A

D

55
Q

Increasing the rejection or suppression setting can be used to

A. minimize the effects of attenuation
B. increase the contrast of the image to produce a more black and white image
C. amplify the signal of low level reflections
D. reduce the appearance of shadowing artifact

A

B

56
Q

The ultrasound image can display 100 shades of gray. How many bits of memory are needed to display the required amount of shades of gray

A. 5
B. 7
C. 10
D. 4

A

B

57
Q

The term bit refers to

A. binary digit
B. decimal point
C. IP address
D. a group of 8 pixels

A

A

58
Q

Which of the following lists the range of the PRF used in real time US imaging

A. 1-10kHz
B. 1000-10000kHz
C. 2MHz-15MHz
D. 2kHz-15kHz

A

A

59
Q

Which of the following will allow for the display of the most shades of gray on the image

A. large pixel size with 8 bits/pixel
B. small pixel size with 8 bits/pixel
C. large pixel size with 24 bits/pixel
D. small pixel size with 16 bits/pixel

A

C

60
Q

If the ultrasound image is too black and white, which of the following will add more levels of grey to the image

A. reduce the dynamic range
B. increase threshold levels
C. decrease rejection levels
D. decrease compression

A

C

61
Q

You are performing a liver ultrasound using the intercostal window and the entire image is very bright. What is the best way to adjust the image to the appropriate brightness level

A. adjust the overall gain
B. adjust the far field TGCs
C. adjust the near field TGCs
D. adjust the power output

A

D

62
Q

You are scanning at a depth of 5cm using a 3MHz transducer and switch to a 5MHz transducer without changing the depth setting. Which transducer has the greatest PRF

A. 3MHz
B. they have the same PRF
C. 5MHz
D. unable to determine

A

B

63
Q

Which of the following will not affect the signal to noise ratio on a 2D image

A. spatial compounding
B. temporal compounding
C. frequency compounding
D. harmonic imaging

A

B

64
Q

Increasing the number of bits assigned to a pixel will

A. increase the brightness of the image
B. increase the PRF
C. allow for the display of more shades of gray
D. increase image contrast

A

C

65
Q

Which of the following parameters is NOT operator adjustable

A. mechanical index
B. PRF
C. frequency
D. intensity

A

C

66
Q

The vacuum tube monitor receives its electrical signal from which component of the US system

A. signal processor
B. pulser
C. digital to analog converter
D. analog to digital converter

A

C

67
Q

Vessel wall thickness and plaque morphology are best evaluated in 2D when the beam is at what incident angle to the vessel

A. 0 degrees
B. 45 degrees
C. 60 degrees
D. 90 degrees

A

D

68
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding pulse inversion imaging

A. reduces frame rate compared to standard 2D imaging
B. used to improve color doppler display in deep structures
C. improves temporal resolution
D. increases destruction of contrast material microbubbles

A

A

69
Q

What system function converts the returned waves into all positive voltages(compression)

A. frequency compounding
B. rectification
C. rejection
D. coded excitation

A

B

70
Q

Which of the following correctly describes apodization

A. it is performed by maximizing the voltage of the central elements and reducing the voltage to the outer elements
B. it is a postprocessing function that adjusts contrast resolution
C. it is a postprocessing function that adjusts remporal resolution
D. it is used to remove the high frequency reflections outside the bandwidth

A

A

71
Q

The ______ contains the memory component of the US system

A. CRT monitor
B. analog scan converter
C. display matric
D. digital scan converter

A

D

72
Q

Which of the following system adjustments can be used to help demonstrate the presence of posterior shadowing seen with gallstones

A. decrease dynamic range
B. increasing compression setting
C. decrease transducer frequency
D. decrease the monitor contrast

A

A

73
Q

While scanning, you decide to increase the image contrast. What console control will be adjusted

A. image compression
B. increase rejection
C. reduce demodulation
D. increase overall gain

A

B

74
Q

Dynamic focusing refers to

A. a combination of frequency compounding and receive focusing
B. using the time of flight of pulses to improve resolution
C. the type of focusing used in a mechanical array
D. a combination of electronic and mechanical focusing

A

B

75
Q

If the output power setting is at 100% and this indicates 0dB, decreasing te power by

A. 6dB will increase the power output by a factor of 2
B. 3dB will decrease the power output by 25% of the original power
C. 6dB will decrease the power output to 25% of the original power
D. 6dB will increase the power output by a factor of 4

A

C

76
Q

______ improves penetration and axial resolution

A. decreasing transducer frequency
B. spatial compounding
C. coded excitation
D. dynamic frequency tuning

A

C

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