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SPI Click to Learn > Clinical Safety, Patient Care, QA > Flashcards

Clinical Safety, Patient Care, QA Flashcards

1
Q

The term “in vitro” refers to

A. tissues grown from stem cells
B. living human tissues
C. tissues grown in a laboratory

A

C

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT proper procedure for disinfection of instruments between patients

A. sonographers should wash their hands after each exam, even if gloves were used
B. all biopsy needles should be sent out for sterilization after each use
C. gel bottles should be sanitized daily using disinfectant cleanser
D. saniwipes or cidex can be used to disinfect the transducer after each external, non-invasive ultrasound exam

A

B

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3
Q

Which type of bioeffects research uses data acquired from patients or subjects that have been exposed to ultrasound to describe the bioeffects that were experienced

A. subjective approach
B. qualitative approach
C. empirical approach
D. mechanistic approach

A

C

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4
Q

The tissue phantom is scanned from the top. There are 6 pins separated by different millimeter intervals from each other from the top to bottom in the phantom. If you measure the minimum visible distance between the pins, what are you testing on your ultrasound system

A. axial resolution
B. slice thickness resolution
C. lateral resolution
D. contrast resoution

A

A

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5
Q

ultrasound can be potentially harmful to a fetus if the examination raises the temperature in the womb to a temperature greater than ______ celsius

A. 41 degrees
B. 1 degree
C. 77 degrees
D. 21 degrees

A

A

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6
Q

If you use a tissue phantom that contains a substance with an average propagation speed of 1600 cm/s to evaluate a standard ultrasound system, how will this affect the depth calibration testing

A. reflectors will appear more medial than they actually are located within the phantom
B. reflectors will appear more lateral than they actually are located within the phantom
C. reflectors will appear deeper than they actually are located within the phantom
D. reflectors will appear more shallow than they actually are located within the phantom

A

D

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7
Q

The AIUM has stated that there have been no confirmed reports of thermal bioeffects to living mammals with ultrasound exposure, if the temperature rise in tissue is less than

A. 2 degree F
B. 1 degree Kelvin
C. 2 degree C
D. 98.6 degree F

A

C

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8
Q

What type of precautions is required for a patient that had a renal transplant yesterday

A. airborne precautions
B. protective environment precautions
C. contact precautions
D. droplet precautions

A

B

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9
Q

Which ultrasound bioeffect occurs due to sound absorption

A. stable cavitation
B. thermal
C. schlierin effect
D. transient cavitation

A

B

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10
Q

Which of the following requires health care providers and organizations to develop and follow procedures that ensure the confidentiality and security of protected health information

A. stark law
B. informed consent
C. health insurance portability and accountability act
D. ALARA principle

A

C

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11
Q

Temperature elevation in tissue is most prevalent with

A. color doppler
B. m mode imaging
C. rayleigh scatter
D. specular reflection

A

C

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12
Q

If you set the gain to the lowest level and slowly increase it until an echo is identified on the image, what are you evaluating on the US system

A. spatial resolution
B. registration accuracy
C. dead zone
D. minimum sensitivity

A

D

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13
Q

Which of the following tissue types will first be affected by heating when the thermal index exceeds 1.0

A. bone
B. blood
C. air
D. solid organs

A

A

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14
Q

_______ is a QA process using the refraction properties of water to evaluate the beam pattern and measure intensity

A. snells method
B. bernoullis method
C. hydrostatic doppler tank method
D. schlieren method

A

D

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15
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the specificity of a testing technique

A. if the test is negative specificity is the probability that the patient does not have disease
B. if the test result is positive, specificity is the probability that the patient actually has the disease
C. the ability of a test to rule out disease when it IS NOT present
D. the ability of a test to detect disease when it IS present

A

C

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16
Q 
SA=25mW/cm^2
SP=75mW/cm^2
TA=40mW/cm^2
TP=80mW/cm^2
What is the beam uniformity ratio

A. 3.0
B. 2.0
C. 0.33
D. 0.5

A

A, BUR=SP/SA; 75mW/cm^2/25mW/cm^2= 3 NO UNIT

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17
Q

What system parameter is evaluated by scanning all three sides of the AIUM test object and compiling the images

A. dead zone
B. registration
C. axial resolution
D. vertical calibration

A

B

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18
Q

Tissue doppler imaging uses _______ settings than PW doppler

A. lower frequencies
B. higher filter
C. lower filter
D. higher frequencies

A

C

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19
Q

Which of the following is related to elevated peak rarefactional pressure in a sound beam

A. thermal injury
B. chromosomal defect
C. cavitation
D. fetal heart defect

A

C

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20
Q

No bioeffects have been identified with TI values less than ______ and MI values less than _______

A. 1, 0.4
B. 2, 0.2
C. 2, 1
D. 1, 0.8

A

A

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21
Q

As you are scanning an obese abdominal patient, you notice a 1.2 thermal index. What should be done next

A. reduce the output power and increase the gain compensation
B. take a break from scanning the patient for 30-60 seconds and then start again while monitoring the TI level
C. stop the exam and consult the radiologist regarding increased patient exposure
D. reduce the number of images obtained to significantly reduce exam time

A

A

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22
Q

As you are scanning an obese abdominal patient, you notice a 0.7 thermal index. What should be done next

A. reduce the number of images obtained to significantly reduce exam time
B. rake a break from scanning the patient for 30-60 seconds and then start again while monitoring the TI level
C. stop the exam and consult the radiologist regarding increased patient exposure
D. continue scanning and complete the full exam efficiently to reduce exposure time

A

D

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23
Q

Which statement regarding US bioeffects is incorrect

A. patient exam time should be minimized to reduce the potential for bioeffects
B. the schlieren method is used to minimize patient exposure
C. cavitation and heat are potential bioeffects of ultrasound exposure
D. there are no known ultrasound exposure injuries documented in humans due to diagnostic use

A

B

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24
Q

What is the expected appearance of a malignancy on elastography evaluation

A. clear with demonstration of yellow coloring over the area that contains the mass
B. clear with no demonstration of color over the area that contains the mass
C. deep blue throughout the area that contains the mass
D. malignant masses demonstrate no deformability

A

D

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25
Q

Which of the following lists the appropriate preventive maintenance schedule for the US system

A. service engineer performs PM testing annually
B. servie engineer performs PM testing semiannually
C. technologist vacuums filters and inspects equipment for hazards semianually
D. preventative maintenance is only provided for equipment covered in a service contract

A

B

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26
Q

Glutaraldehyde is used to

A. disinfect the transducer after a patient exam
B. sterilize the transducer after a patient exam
C. opacify blood vessels and cardiac chambers on a contrast exam
D. provide a liquid “cushion” for the element in a mechanical wobbler transducer

A

A

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27
Q

When using a tissue phantom to evaluate range accuracy, what unit will be used to report the measurement

A. centimeter
B. decibel
C. millisecond
D. micrometer

A

A

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28
Q

There is no known adverse biological effect in vivo using a focused ultrasound transducer at intensities below

A. 100 mW/cm^2SATA
B. 1000 mW/cm^2SPTA
C. 100 mW/cm^2SPTA
D. 1 W/cm^2SPTA

A

D

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29
Q

Which type of phantom is necessary to evaluate temporal resolution

A. hydrophone
B. AIUM test object
C. tissue phantom
D. fluid filled doppler phantom

A

D

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30
Q

Which of the following describes a normal result for uniformity testing of the ultrasound system

A. images taken of the same structure with different probes of the same frequency demonstrate uniform echo amplitude between the compared images
B. all images in a randomly selected exam demonstrate a constant mechanical index
C. all images in a randomly selected exam demonstrate a constant thermal index
D. TGC set to produce an image with equal echo amplitude across the screen and then when the TGC function is turned off, the echoes in the far field are reduced in amplitude

A

D

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31
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the sonographer assisting the radiologist with a biopsy procedure

A. the sonographers hands must be covered by sterile gloves when removing the biopsy device from the tray to hand to the physician to start the procedure
B. the sonographer is responsible for creating the point of entry on the patient for the biopsy device
C. the sonographers hands must be sterile when opening needles and biopsy device packaging
D. the sonographer should wear sterile gloves when disposing of the needles and devices used for the biopsy

A

A

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32
Q

Cardiac strain imaging is used to evaluate the function of the

A. cardiac valces
B. pericardium
C. electrical conduction system
D. myocardium

A

D

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33
Q

Tissue doppler imaging is commonly used in

A. fetal ultrasound exams
B. echocardiography
C. carotid doppler exams
D. breast ultrasound exams

A

B

34
Q

Which of the following techniques uses the highest intensity beam

A. power doppler
B. m mode
C. PW doppler
D. b mode

A

C

35
Q

Which of the following lists the normal range of intensities used in diagnostic doppler US

A. 0.2-400 mW/cm^2
B. 100-1000 mW/cm^2
C. 0.2-400 W/cm
D. 100-1000 mW/cm

A

A

36
Q

How will the thermal index change when increasing the overall gain to its maximum level

A. increase
B. decrease
C. no change
D. it depends on the transmitted frequency used

A

C

37
Q

Ultrasound hybrid imaging has shown to be beneficial for

A. liver tumor vascularity
B. the progression of kidney failure
C. the anatomy of the circle of willis
D. the cardiac muscle contraction rate

A

A

38
Q

Which of the following is a responsibility of a sonographer when assisting with an intravascuar ultrasound

A. to operate the ultrasound machine controls from outside the sterile field
B. to advance the ultrasound catheter during the procedure
C. to perform preliminary IVUS images before the start of the angioplasty procedure
D. to send the ultrasound catheter for sterilization after the procedure

A

A

39
Q

Ultrasound contrast media is least likely to be used in which of the following exams

A. echocardiography for suspected coronary artery disease
B. evaluation of gallbladder function
C. echocardiography for suspected septal defect
D. evaluation of liver tumor vascularity

A

B

40
Q

_______ is a QA process using the refraction properties of water to evaluate the beam pattern and measure intensity

A. snell’s method
B. bernoulli’s method
C. sclieren method
D. hydrostatic doppler tank method

A

C

41
Q

When using a tissue phantom to evaluate range accuracy, what unit will be used to report the measurement

A. micrometer
B. centimeter
C. millisecond
D. decibel

A

B

42
Q

Which of the following describes the table placement for performing an ultrasound exam

A. table height should allow the sonographer’s arm to be slightly abducted with the wrist fully extended
B. the table should be placed in the trendelenburg position to assist in moving into the cerebral vessels
C. the table should be placed in the reverse trendelenburg position to assist in moving blood flor into the cerebral vessels
D. table height should allow the sonographers arm to be slightly adducted with the wrist fully flexed toward the side being examined

A

A

43
Q

Which ultrasound bioeffect occurs due to sound absorption

A. stable cavitation
B. thermal
C. schlieren effect
D. transient cavitation

A

B

44
Q

Which of the following will maintain compliance with the ALARA principle

A. reducing transducer frequency
B. reducing the number of images taken in standard protocol
C. reducing overall gain
D. all of the aboce

A

B

45
Q

At the end of the 2nd trimester fetal scan you notice the overall gain was set to the maximum level during the exam. Which of the following statements is true

A. you should review the images to note the thermal index during the exam to assess patient exposure
B. note this is the patient’s record. the physician should be aware of the additional exposure when considering ordering another US exam
C. you should review the images to note the mechanical index levels during the exam to assess patient exposure
D. none of the above

A

D

46
Q

When the servie engineer wants to assess the acoustic pressure output of the probe, what device can be used

A. hydrophone
B. tissue phantom
C. AIUM test object
D. string phantom

A

A

47
Q

A thermocouple device is

A. used to heat the ultrasound gel for patient comfort
B. used to assess beam intensity at specific locations
C. only used in therapeutic ultrasound
D. used to assess total beam intensity

A

B

48
Q

While using a linear phased array to perform a vascular exam, you notice that the color box will only allow you to place it centrally and steer 20 degrees to the right. The issue is most suggestive of

A. loose connection of the transducer to the machine
B. reduced voltage to the pulser
C. PE element damage
D. cracked acoustic lens

A

C

49
Q

The ALARA principle describes

A. the formula for calculation of the right atrial area
B. the formula for using PISA to obtain MR grade
C. the rule of thumb for adjusting gain before output power to minimize ultrasound exposure
D. the recommendations for universal precaution use

A

C

50
Q

All of the following are AIUM recommendations regarding the use of ultrasound, except

A. limit the examination time to the shortest time necessary to complete a diagnostic exam
B. in order to limit ultrasound intensity, always use PW doppler instead of M mode to evaluate the fetal heart
C. always adhere to the ALARA principle while scanning
D. limit ultrasound exposure to patients that require an examination for a specific reason

A

B

51
Q

All of the following are used as contrast agents in US except

A. agitated saline bubbles
B. perfluorocarbon based contrast
C. gas filled bubbles
D. agitated iodine bubbles

A

D

52
Q

Which of the following describes how the ultrasound transducer should be cleaned after performing an ultrasound exam on a patient that has an open wound near the area of interest

A. the probe should be sent to the biomedical department for thermal sterilization
B. the face of the probe and the cord are thoroughly cleaned with a saniwipe
C. the face of the probe and the cord are thoroughly cleaned and soaked in a high level disinfectant
D. an arterial doppler exam should not be performed on a patient with an open sore or wound

A

C

53
Q

In the electronically focused US beam, the intensity is

A. greatest in the near field
B. greatest in the far field
C. same throughout the length of the beam
D. greatest at the focal point

A

D

54
Q

Color doppler is evaluated with what type of phantom

A. tissue phantom
B. AIUM test object
C. fluid filled phantom
D. hydrophone

A

C

55
Q

Which of the following will maintain compliance with the ALARA principle

A. reducing transducer frequency
B. reducing the number of images taken in standard protocol
C. reducing overall gain
D. all of the above

A

B

56
Q

When using a tissue phantom to evaluate range accuracy, what unit will be used to report the measurement

A. centimeter
B. millisecond
C. micrometer
D. decibel

A

A

57
Q

As you are performing an exam on an obese patient, you notice a 1.2 thermal index. What should be done next

A. stop the exam and consult the radiologist regarding increased patient exposure
B. reduce the output power and increase the gain compensation
C. reduce the number of images obtained to significantly reduce exam time
D. take a break from scanning the patient for 30-60 seconds and then start again wile monitoring the TI level

A

B

58
Q

If you set the gain to the lowest level and slowly increase it until an echo is identified on the image, what are you evaluating on the US system

A. dead zone
B. minimum sensitivity
C. registration accuracy
D. spatial resolution

A

B

59
Q

There is no known adverse biological effect in vivo using a focused ultrasound transducer at intensities below

A. 100 mW/cm2 SATA
B. 1000 mW/cm2 SPTA
C. 100mW/cm2 SPTA
D. 1 W/cm2 SPTA

A

D

60
Q

At the end of the 2nd trimester fetal scan you notice the overall gain was set to the maximum level during the exam. Which of the following statements is true

A. you should review the images to note the thermal index levels during the exam to assess patient exposure
B. note this in the patient’s record. The physician should be aware of the additional exposure when considering ordering another US exam
C. You should review the images to note the MI levels during the exam to assess patient exposure
D. none of the above

A

D

61
Q

Which of the following correctly describes a gold standard test

A. a type of test that has been used for over 15 years to successfully diagnose rule out disease when it is absent
B. a type of test that has been used for over 15 years to successfully diagnose disease when it is present
C. an accepted test that is assumed to be able to determine the true disease state of a patient, regardless of positive or negative test findings
D. a test is preferred by most doctors to make a specific diagnosis

A

C

62
Q

What is the expected appearance of a malignancy on elastography evaluation

A. clear with demonstration of yellow coloring over the area that contains the mass
B. clear with no demonstration of color over the area that contains the mass
C. deep blue throughout the area that contains the mass
D. malignant masses demonstrate no deformability

A

D

63
Q

A thermocouple device is

A. used to heat the ultrasound gel for patient comfort
B. used to assess total beam intensity
C. used to assess beam intensity at specific locations
D. only used in therapeutic ultrasound

A

C

64
Q

The term in vivo refers to

A. tissues grown from stem cells
B. living human tissue
C. tissues grown in a lab

A

B

65
Q

What type of precautions is required for a patient that has a renal transplant yesterday

A. droplet precautions
B. airborne precautions
C. protective environment precautions
D. contact precautions

A

C

66
Q

The tissue phantom is scanned from the top. There are 6 pins separated by different millimeter intervals from each other from the top to bottom in the phantom. If you measure the minimum visible distance between the pins, what are you testing on your ultrasound system

A. slice thickness resolution
B. lateral resolution
C. axial resolution
D. contrast resolution

A

C

67
Q

Which of the following is NOT the proper procedure for disinfection of instruments between patients

A. gel bottles should be sanitized daily using disinfectant cleanser
B. saniwipes or cidex can be used to disinfect the transducer after each external, non invasice us exam
C. sonographers should wash their hands after each exam, even if gloves were used
D. all biopsy needles should be sent out for sterilization after each use

A

D

68
Q

Ultrasound contrast media is least likely to be used in which of the following exams

A. evaluation of gallbladder function
B. echocardiography for suspected septal defect
C. evaluation of liver tumor vascularity
D. echocardiography for suspected coronary artery disease

A

A

69
Q

The tissue phantom is scanned from the top. There are 6 pins evenly spaced from the top to bottom of the phantom. The width of the pins is measured to assess the ____ of the system

A. lateral resolution
B. axial resolution
C. slice thickness resolution
D. contrast resolution

A

A

70
Q

Tissue doppler imaging uses ______ settings than PW doppler

A. lower filter
B. higher filter
C. lower frequencies
D. higher frequencies

A

A

71
Q

Which of the following is related to elevated peak rarefactional pressure in a sound beam

A. chromosomal defect
B. cavitation
C. thermal injury
D. fetal heart defect

A

B

72
Q

Which of the following lists the normal range of intensities used in diagnostic doppler us

A. 100-1000 mW/cm^2
B. 0.2-400 mW/cm^2
C. 100-1000 mW/cm
D. 0.2-400 W/cm

A

B

73
Q

Tissue Doppler imaging is commonly used in

A. fetal ultrasound exams
B. echocardiography
C. breast ultrasound exams
D. carotid doppler exams

A

B

74
Q

If you set the gain to the lowest level and slowly increase it until an echo is identified on the image, what are you evaluating on the us system

A. minimum sensitivity
B. registration accuracy
C. dead zone
D. spatial resolution

A

A

75
Q

If you use a tissue phantom, that contains a substance with an average propagation speed of 1600 cm/s to evaluate a standard ultrasound system, how will this affect the depth calibration testing

A. reflectors will appear more medial than they actually are located within the phantom
B. reflectors will appear deeper than they actually are located within the phantom
C. reflectors will appear more lateral than they actually are located within the phantom
D. reflectors will appear more shallow than they actually are located within the phantom

A

D

76
Q

Tissue Doppler imaging uses ______ settings than PW doppler

A. lower filter
B. higher filter
C. higher frequencies
D. lower frequencies

A

A

77
Q

Which of the following will maintain compliance with the ALARA principle

A. reducing overall gain
B. reducing transducer frequency
C. reducing the number of images taken in standard protocol
D. all of the above

A

C

78
Q

Which type of bioeffects research uses data acquired from patients or subjects that have been exposed to ultrasound to describe the bioeffects that were experienced

A. subjective approach
B. qualitative approach
C. empirical approach
D. mechanistic approach

A

C

79
Q

Which of the following is incorrect in reference to sterile technique

A. personnel with colds should avoid working while ill or apply a double mask
B. gowns are considered sterile only in the front
C. the only person who must be sterile within the sterile field is the physician performing the procedure
D. sterile packages or fields are opened or created as close as possible to time of actual use

A

C

80
Q

Which of the following techniques used the highest intensity beam

A. power doppler
B. m mode
C. PW doppler
D. b mode

A

C

81
Q

Which of the following correctly describes real time virtual sonography

A. technique that enables the display of molecular activity in liver masses
B. technique that enables the display of real time ultrasound b mode images and CT or MR images
C. techniques that enables the display of an ultrasound b mode image and CT or MR images on a PACS system
D. technique that enables the display of molecular activity in breast masses

A

B

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