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Question corrections > Principles formative corrections > Flashcards

Principles formative corrections Flashcards

1
Q

mass effect

A

local pressure from a tumour/ bleeding on brain/kidneys

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2
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome

A

group of uncommon disorders in people with cancer

symptoms- difficulty walking, swallowing, decreased muscle tone, slurred speech, vision problems

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3
Q

anterior roots/ rootlets

A

motor fibres (somatic, sympathetic/T1-L2) and parasympathetic (S2,3,4)

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4
Q

posterior roots and rootlets

A

sensory fibres

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5
Q

spinal nerves

A

motor and sensory

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6
Q

spinal cord ends

A

L1/L2
infants and newborns end L3
lumbar punctures at L3/4

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7
Q

can joints move

A

yes but not all are moveable

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8
Q

skelaton has cartilage?

A

yes

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9
Q

mobility at one joint

A

decreases stability

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10
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

packed extracellular bundles of collagen fibres in random directions

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11
Q

short okazki fragments

templates in DNA rep

A

nucleic acids 5 to 3

both strands

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12
Q

RNA polymerase

A

transcribes mRNA from DNA

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13
Q

transcription factors

enhancers

A

protiens that bind to DNA

DNA sequences that regulate transcription

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14
Q

FiFo ATPase

A

proton pore that transfers energy into high energy phosphate bonds in inner mitochondrial membrane

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15
Q

pyruvate to lactate

A

regenerates NADH by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

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16
Q

phase 1 reactions

agonist

A

can make drug more toxic

drug that has same effect on receptor as endogenous chemical receptor

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17
Q

doubling rate of administration of drug

A

doubles ss plasma con of drug

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18
Q

apparent volume dist for drug is extrapolated volume

A

drug dose/ plasma con

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19
Q

partial agonist

A

drugs bind to and activate receptor but have partial efficacy

20
Q

feed forward

-ve feedback

A

anticipatory response

control of BP and opposes initial change

21
Q

What can cross membrane

pure phospholipid bilayer impermeable to

A

small polar molecules

water

22
Q

test for chromosome imbalances

A

chromosomal microarray first line

23
Q

mRNA formation from DNA

A

transcription

mRNA= transcript

24
Q

what regulate thermostat in fever

A

prostaglandins

25
Q

immunophenotyping

A

analysis of lymphocytes

26
Q

defensins

A

anti-microbial protein secreted by epithelial cels and mucosal surfaces

27
Q

Fab

A

antigen binding site

28
Q

membrane attack complex

A

lyse pathogens via membrane insertion and osmotic lysis

29
Q

pinocytosis

A

internilisation of fluids into cells by invagination of cell membrane

30
Q

chemotaxis

A

mov of cells along increasing/ decreasing con gradient like neutrophils in inflammation

31
Q

CD8 expressed on

CD4 function

A

cytotoxic T cells

identifies Helper T cells

32
Q

virus

A

protien shell/ capsid encloses RNA/DNA genome and sometimes envelope from host cell membrane

33
Q

bacterial endotoxin associated with sepsis

A

outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide released by gram -ve bacteria

34
Q

lectin pathway cascade activates

A

complement cascade without antibodies

35
Q

advantages of using DNA technology to identify bacteria

A

allows identification of microbes that can’t be grown normally

36
Q

C difficile

A

risk of transmission not malaria or e coli

37
Q

haemolotysis

A

streptococcus!!

38
Q

infiltration

A

cause of stools through vagina

39
Q

tumour supressor genes

A

stabalise gennome

40
Q

benign lesion

A

normal mitosis, diploid DNA, low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio , no necrosis

41
Q

malignancy

A

enlarged and pleomorphic nuclei

42
Q

granulation tissue

A

endothelial cells and myofibroblast

43
Q

granuloma

A

macrophages / histocytes

44
Q

very brief advice about smoking to a patient who smokes a lot seeing GP

A

primary preventions

45
Q

hypovolaemic shock

A

reflex tachycardia

Question corrections (17 decks)

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