22/04 corrections Flashcards
Wolf Parkinson-white syndrome
- Young people
- Syncope , palpitations
- Can get ventricular fibrillation
- Shirt PR interval, wide QRS complex
COPD patient, male, SoB, pO2 80%, bilateral reduced air entry and course crackles
next step
do ABG first then CXR
Raised urea plasma levels
gastric ulcer not colon cancer
Tampons can cause
staphylococcus aureus= endotoxic shock and not fluid depletion
Raised amylase
acute pancreatitis
Can lead to shock due to fluid depletion
Ectopic pregnancy
lower abdominal pain and scant, dark brown discharge= haemorrhagic shock
67 yo man, used to work as stonemason, restrictive pulmonary function tests, smokes
occupational interstitial lung disease not COPD
Digoxin toxicity
can cause visual disturbances, digoxin not treatment for VF
VHL gene
renal carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour and retinal hemangioblastoma
Side effects of immunosuppressive drugs
nephrotoxicity/ kidney toxicity
Gangrenous necrosis
green/black tissue
Spironolactone
reduces mortality in HF not statins
CF patient with cholestasis
due to defective CFTR protein on bile duct epithelial cells
Occupational asthma
work somewhere else first line
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
reduced L ventricular cavity size not mitral stenosis
perianal abscess, bloody diarrhoea.
Crohns
Appendicitis pathophysiology
lymphoid hyperplasia or a faecolith → obstruction of appendiceal lumen, 10yo
3-14 days post-MI histology
macrophages + granulation tissue at margins. High risk of free wall rupture, papillary muscle rupture and LV pseudoaneurysm
Haemosiderin deposition leads to
the hyperpigmentation like brown discolouration seen in patients with varicose eczema/venous ulcers
Troponin C binds
calcium ions
Asthma hypersensitivity
type 1
most common cause of acute liver failure
paracetamol overdose
Familial adenomatous polyposis is due to
mutation in a tumour suppressor gene called adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC), colorectal cancer
Clostridium difficile infection treatment
Oral vancomycin is the first
Posterior tibial pulse
behind and below the medial ankle
coryzal symptoms and increased work of breathing causing feeding difficulty in a child <1 year.
Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of bronchiolitis
Coeliac disease causes
malabsorption due to villous atrophy
iron, folate and vitamin B12 deficiency
2 weeks to several months post-MI histology
contracted scar complete. Associated with Dressler syndrome, HF, arrhythmias, mural thrombus
decrease in blood pressure will be sensed by
juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney. This will cause renin secretion.
Greater omentum is connected with
lesser sac and the transverse colon
chest drain insertion complications
Long thoracic nerve is susceptible to damage during chest drain insertion which can cause winging of the scapula
Hereditary haemochromatosis
autosomal recessive inherited disorder of iron metabolism. The presentation can be very non-specific in the early stages (e.g. lethargy and arthralgia). Later the classic features of chronic liver disease and bronze diabetes (iron deposition in the pancreas leading to diabetes, and deposition in the skin resulting in a bronze or grey pigmentation) may become apparent.
In this case, the arthralgia, deranged ALT and very high ferritin are highly suggestive of haemochromatosis.
musculi pectinati
found in the atria, hence the reason that the atrial walls in the right atrium are irregular anteriorly.
The musculi pectinati of the atria are internal muscular ridges on the anterolateral surface of the chambers and they are only present in the area derived from the embryological true atrium.
