principles formative

Question 1

a patient is known to have benign enlargement of the prostate glad has bilateral silmilar enlarged kidneys on ultrasound a scan undertaken a few years ago was normal what is the most likely mechanism of this

Answer 1

mass effect

Question 2

what helps with joint motility

Answer 2

cartilages

Question 3

what bone articulates with cervicle vertebra

Answer 3

occipital bone

Question 4

what cells have multiple nuclei

Answer 4

smooth muscle cells

Question 5

what does a charged tRNA have attached

Answer 5

an amino acid

Question 6

what is true regarding the reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Answer 6

the rate of reaction is matched by NADH regeneration by glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 7

what is an inverse agonist

Answer 7

a ligand that binds to the same receptor binding site as antagonist and supresses spontaneous recptor signalling

Question 8

what is an agonist

Answer 8

a drug that has the same effect on a receptor as the endogenous chemical messenger

Question 9

what structure do action potentials in post ganglionic fibres travel to speed up the heart rate

Answer 9

sympathetic trunk

Question 10

what has a direct effect upon the elimination half life

Answer 10

the apparent volume of distribution and clearance

Question 11

what happens in phase 1 reactions that take place in the liver

Answer 11

they produce chemically reactive metabolites

Question 12

what is the cell membrane extremely impermuable to

Answer 12

water soluble molecules

Question 13

stimulation of what nerve slows heart rate

Answer 13

vagus

Question 14

first line genetic investigation for an inherited disorder associated with developmental delay and learning difficulties

Answer 14

chromosomal microarray analysis

Question 15

the measuremnet of which acute phase protein can assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious and inflammatory diseases

Answer 15

CRP

Question 16

best technique for analysis of lymphocyte subsets

Answer 16

immunophenotyping

Question 17

what is the microbiome

Answer 17

the genetic material assocaited with all the microorganisms colonising th ehost

Question 18

what can prodice spores

Answer 18

clostridia difficile

Question 19

what is the benefit of using DNA technology to identify bacteria from a patient sample using its 16s sequence

Answer 19

allows identification of microbes that cannot be grown under normal laboratory conditions

Question 20

what do macrolides target

Answer 20

protein synttheisis

Question 21

what does metronidazole target

Answer 21

nucleic acids

Question 22

when should transmission based rather than standard infection control be used

Answer 22

when attending a ward where pateints suffering with c diff infections have been identified

Question 23

what two cell types are predominantly found in granulation tissue

Answer 23

endothelial cells and myofibroblasts

Question 24

liquefactive necrosis

Answer 24

CNS

Question 25

coagulative necrosis

Answer 25

cardiac muscle

Question 26

caseous necrosis

Answer 26

associated with TB