principles formative Flashcards
a patient is known to have benign enlargement of the prostate glad has bilateral silmilar enlarged kidneys on ultrasound a scan undertaken a few years ago was normal what is the most likely mechanism of this
mass effect
what helps with joint motility
cartilages
what bone articulates with cervicle vertebra
occipital bone
what cells have multiple nuclei
smooth muscle cells
what does a charged tRNA have attached
an amino acid
what is true regarding the reduction of pyruvate to lactate
the rate of reaction is matched by NADH regeneration by glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase
what is an inverse agonist
a ligand that binds to the same receptor binding site as antagonist and supresses spontaneous recptor signalling
what is an agonist
a drug that has the same effect on a receptor as the endogenous chemical messenger
what structure do action potentials in post ganglionic fibres travel to speed up the heart rate
sympathetic trunk
what has a direct effect upon the elimination half life
the apparent volume of distribution and clearance
what happens in phase 1 reactions that take place in the liver
they produce chemically reactive metabolites
what is the cell membrane extremely impermuable to
water soluble molecules
stimulation of what nerve slows heart rate
vagus
first line genetic investigation for an inherited disorder associated with developmental delay and learning difficulties
chromosomal microarray analysis
the measuremnet of which acute phase protein can assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious and inflammatory diseases
CRP
best technique for analysis of lymphocyte subsets
immunophenotyping
what is the microbiome
the genetic material assocaited with all the microorganisms colonising th ehost
what can prodice spores
clostridia difficile
what is the benefit of using DNA technology to identify bacteria from a patient sample using its 16s sequence
allows identification of microbes that cannot be grown under normal laboratory conditions
what do macrolides target
protein synttheisis
what does metronidazole target
nucleic acids
when should transmission based rather than standard infection control be used
when attending a ward where pateints suffering with c diff infections have been identified
what two cell types are predominantly found in granulation tissue
endothelial cells and myofibroblasts
liquefactive necrosis
CNS
coagulative necrosis
cardiac muscle
caseous necrosis
associated with TB
