2015 Flashcards

1
Q

mixing mediaction with the drink of a dementia patient refusing to swallow - what ethical principle

A

benefience/utilitarism

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2
Q

gp unable o refer patient for an abortion as its against his beliefs but refers them to GP colleague - what ethical principle

A

virtue ethics

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3
Q

62 year old man with alcohol related cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis who in anuric and CVP is 12 - DIAGNOSE AND MANAGE

A

hepatorenal syndrome, resuscitate and give terlipressin to improve renal blood flow

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4
Q

what is the flat bone that provides attachment for abdominal wall muscles and forms part of the acetabulum

A

ilium

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5
Q

what bone has a proximal head, form a tuberosity at the insertion of the biceps tendon and has sulci or several tendons on its distal dorsal aspect

A

radius

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6
Q

hypoxic pulmonary arterial vasocontriction results in

A

increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular afterload

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7
Q

how to diagnose systemic sclerosis causing bacterial overgrowth

A

glycocholic breath test

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8
Q

how is campylo bacter diagnosed

A

stool culture

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9
Q

what does acetyl choline do

A

act on post junctional m3 muscularinic cholinergenic receptors on smooth muscle end plate to stimulate smooth muscle constriction

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10
Q

what does adrenaline do

A

acts on membrane boudn beta 2 adrenoceptors on airway smooth muscle causing smooth muscle relaxation

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11
Q

what does LTD4 do

A

pro inflammatory affects in the bonchi and nose

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12
Q

what is LTD4 blocked by

A

cysteinyl receptor antagonists such as montelukast

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13
Q

asthma spirometry

A

all reduced except FVC

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14
Q

what is part of the peripheral nervous system containing parasympathetic nerves

A

cranial nerve

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15
Q

parasympatheyic nerves

A

III, VII, IX, and X

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16
Q

what do abdominopelvc and cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves carry

A

sympathetic

17
Q

routes of parasympathtic nerves

A

crnial nerves and anterior rami of sacral spinal nerves

18
Q

what is loacted in the most posterior lobe of the brain and is part of the visula pathway

A

calcarine sulcus

19
Q

what is the long term control of diabetes checked by

A

assessing HbA1C

20
Q

what is the test to seethe likelihood of neuropathy

A

examination of feet sensation 10g monofilament

21
Q

management of a tension pneumothorax

A

immediate needle decompression using a 16 gauge cannula

22
Q

management of a primary pneumothorax

A

below <2cm discharge and review in 2-4 weeks, >2cm - aspirate under local anaesthetic

23
Q

management of a secondary pneumothorax

A

<1cm and asymptomatic - observe for 24 hrs
1-2 cm and not SOB asiration required
short of breath or >2c, - intercostal drain