dumes Flashcards
a premature new born is found to be tachypnoeic. On examination there is intercostal recession, nasal flaring and cyanosis. What explains the respiratory distress
the law of La place
what is the law of la place
the tension exterted on a spherical wall of set pressure is inversely proportional to the spheres thickness
boyles law
the volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure exerted on it.
daltons law
the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual component gases
henrys law
the amount of gas that is dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid when the temperature is kept constant.
bohr effect
describes hemoglobin’s lower affinity for oxygen secondary to increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and/or decreased blood pH.
haldane effect
shift in the CO2 dissociation curve caused by oxygenation of Hb.
what nerves carry exclusively parasympathetic nerve fibres
cranisal nerves II, VII, IX and X
normal genes that stimulate cell division
proto oncogenes
rate limiting enzyme in glycogenesis
glycogen synthase
rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis
glycogen phosphorylase
rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis
fructose 1,6- biphophonate
rate limiting enzyme in lipogeneisis
glycogen phosphorylase
what immunoglobulin is dominant in the secondary memory immune response
igG
cMYC
burkitts lymphoma
nMYC
neuroblastoma
BCL-2
follicular lymphoma
RAS
pancreatic cancer
ABL
chronic myeloid leukaemia
what cancer is most associated with psammoma body formation
mesothelioma
what are psammoma bodies
collections of calcium in biopsy samples of mesothelioma
CA -125
ovarian cancer
what HPV are associated iwth cervical cancer
16 and 18
what HPV causes genital warts
6 and 11
how are skeletal muscle differentiated from cardiac muscle
by the presence of multiple, elongated nuclei found at the periphery of muscle fibres
what muscle has a strated appearance
skeletal and cardiac
skeletal muscle junctions
neurogenic
malignant neoplasm of bone
osteosarcoma
vagal stimulation
causes negative chronotropic effect on th eheart
kidney bean shaped nucleus
macrophage
responsible for destruction of large parasites which cannot be phagocytosed
mast cell
sarcoidosis hypersensitivity
type IV
when does hyperpolristion come as a resuly from
sodium channels close, K channels open
what is a sarcoma
malignant connective tissue tumour
depolaristaion during an action potential is primarily caused by what
influc of sodium through voltage gated ion channels
elbow joint
hinge type synovial joint
sternoclavicular
saddle shaped synovial joint
intersseos membrane of the forearm
fibrous joint
pubic symphysis
secondary cartaglinous joint
level of the male nipple
t4
