Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

dermatology > principles > Flashcards

principles Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis from outer to inner layer ?

A 
keratin layer
granular layer
prickle cell
basal 
dermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are B cells role in type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

recognise antigen

produce antigen specific IgE antibody#

> T cells provide help for B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are mast cells role in type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

inflammatory cells that release vasoactive substances

->histamine, tryptase, prostaglandins, cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what local effects (not cellular) do the release of vasoactive mediators have?

A

increased blood flow
contraction of smooth muscle
increased vascular permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

if previously sensitised to allergen, what serious consequence is there a risk of?

A

anaphylaxis

urticaria (nettle-like rash)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anaphylaxis effects

A

A - throat swelling
B - bronchospasm, increased RR
C - tachycardia, hypotension

urticaria, angioedema, rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cellulitis

A

inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue

> a spreading infection in the dermis that is not associated with necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cells of innate immune system

A

macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 soluble mediators of innate immune system

A

CRP
cytokines
complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

virulence factors of staph aureus + their mode of action

A 
capsule - antiphygocytic
fibrinogen binding protein - adhesin
coagulase - clots plasma
fibrinolysin - digests fibrin
protein A - antiohagocytic
enterotoxin - vom+diarh
TSST-1 - shock, rash, desquam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what 2 hypersensitivity reactions are most commonly seen in the skin and what is the difference between them?

A

type I = immediate reaction, mediated by IgE + mast cells

type IV = delayed, cell mediated involving lymphocytes + lymphokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cutaneous examples of type 1 hypersensitivity

A

urticaria - nettle rash
angioedema
anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cutaneous examples of type 4 hypersensitivity

A

allergic contact dermatitis
photoallergy

-> require initial sensitisation with allergen, then any area will react

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the fphases of hair growth?

A

anagen = growing (3-7yrs, 90%)

catagen = involuting (3-4weeks, 10%, detaches from dermal papilla)

telogen = resting, club hair (50-100 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 types of glands

A

eccrine - everywhere except mucosal, thermoregulation

apocrine - axilla + anogenital, inactive till pubrty, androgen dependent

sebaceous - inactive till puberty, excrete sebum (antimicrobial actions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

functions of sebaceous glands

A

control moisture loss
protect against fungal infection
sebum has antimicrobial actions

highest density in face, scalp + chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

langerhans cells

A
  • dendritic cells derived from bone marrow
  • -> antigen presenting cell (APC) to T cells to activate them
  • form network across prickle layer
  • role in antigen presentation - picks up antigen in skin + circulate to lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

melanocytes

A
  • pigment producing dendritic cells
  • originate from neural crest
  • in basal layer
  • contain melanosomes (melanin granules)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

role of melanin

A

absorbs UV + forms protective cap over nucleus of basal cells

melanin is transferred to adjacent keratinocytes via dendrites

-> racial differences due to variation in melanin NOT melanocyte numbers

20
Q

histology +origin of epidermis

A

statified squamous epithelium

from ectoderm

21
Q

histology + origin of dermis

A

connective tissue - matrix of collagen + elastin fibres

mesodermal origin

22
Q

layers from epidermis -> dermis

A 
keratin
granular
prickle
basal
dermis
23
Q

what does the dermis contain?

A
  • fibroblasts (mostly), mast cells, lymphocytes, dermal dendritic cells
  • blood + lymphatics, nerves
  • muscle, appendages (sweat glands, hair follicles)
24
Q

what endocrine functions does the skin have?

A

metabolism + detoxification

vit D - dietary, UV

thyroid metabolism - 20% in thyroid gland, 80% in peripheral (SKIN)

25
Q

keratinocytes involvement in immune response

A

produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that directly kill pathogens
–> high levels of AMPs in psoriasis patients

produce cytokines + chemokines - recruit + regulate immune cells

26
Q

what type + where are T cells are found in the skin?

A

mainly CD8 in epidermis

CD4 + CD8 in dermis

27
Q

different types of dendritic cells in dermis

A

dermal DC - antigen presenting + secreting chemo/cytokines

plasmacytoid DC - produce IFNalpha, found in diseased skin

28
Q

immunopathology of atopic eczema

A

defective skin barrier allows access to allergen + promotes colonisation of microorganisms

mutations in fillagrin gene associated with severe/early onset

29
Q

key cell types in epidermis involved in skin immunity

A

keratinocytes (non-immune cell)

lagerhans
T cells

30
Q

key cell types in dermis involved in skin immunity

A

dendritic cells
macrophages
T cells
NK cells

31
Q

define virulence + virulence factors

A

virulence = severity / harmfulness of a disease

virulent factors = factors responsible for variation in virulence between species

32
Q

staph epidermis

A
  • coagulase negative
  • 100% colonisation
  • skin + mucous membranes
  • nosocomial infection/immunocompromised
  • -> associated with foreign devices - catheters
33
Q

what is the role of aggressin, impedin and modulin as virulence factors?

A

aggressin = causes damage to the host DIRECTLY

impedin = enables organism to avoid host defence mechanisms

modulin = causes damage to the host INDIRECTLY

34
Q

where are hemmi-desmososmes found?

A

epidermal junction

35
Q

what layer of the epidermis is most metabolically active?

A

basal layer

36
Q

how long does it take for a cell to migrate from the basal layer to keratin layer?

A

28days

37
Q

what cell in epidermis is responsible for vit D metabolism?

A

keratinocytes

?in basal layer

38
Q

what cells are responsible for epidermal proliferation?

A

basal cells

cells in epidermis proliferate from the basal layer

39
Q

the developmental growth pattern of skin follows …

A

Blaschko’s lines

40
Q

function of pacinian corpuscles

A

pressure sensation

41
Q

function of meissner’s corpuscles

A

vibration sensation

42
Q

highly metabolically active small cuboidal cells

A

basal layer

43
Q

where are odland bodies found?

A

granular layer

44
Q

where are corneocytes found?

A

keratin layer

45
Q

polyhedral cells with lots of desmosomes

A

prickle cell layer

46
Q

what do fibroblasts produce?

A

collagen

dermatology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions